Tyler's Model vs. Wheeler's Model

Attribute	Tyler's Model	Wheeler's Model
Originator	Ralph Tyler	John Wheeler
Focus	Curriculum development	Curriculum evaluation
Process	Systematic approach	Continuous improvement
Goal	Effective teaching and learning	Enhanced curriculum quality

Introduction

Tyler's Model and Wheeler's Model are two prominent educational models that have been used to guide curriculum development and implementation in schools. While both models aim to improve the quality of education, they have distinct attributes that set them apart. In this article, we will compare and contrast the key features of Tyler's Model and Wheeler's Model to provide a better understanding of their strengths and weaknesses.

Background

Tyler's Model, developed by Ralph Tyler in 1949, is based on the principles of behavioral psychology and focuses on defining educational objectives, selecting appropriate learning experiences, organizing the curriculum, and evaluating student achievement. This model is often referred to as the "Tyler Rationale" and is widely used in curriculum planning. On the other hand, Wheeler's Model, proposed by David Wheeler in 1967, emphasizes the importance of social and cultural factors in shaping the curriculum. Wheeler's Model advocates for a more holistic approach to curriculum development that takes into account the needs and interests of students.

Objectives

In Tyler's Model, the primary focus is on clearly defining educational objectives that are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART). These objectives serve as the foundation for curriculum planning and help educators design learning experiences that align with the desired outcomes. On the other hand, Wheeler's Model places a greater emphasis on the broader goals of education, such as promoting social justice, equity, and diversity. Wheeler's Model encourages educators to consider the social and cultural context in which learning takes place and to design curriculum that reflects the values and beliefs of the community.

Curriculum Design

When it comes to curriculum design, Tyler's Model follows a systematic approach that involves identifying educational objectives, selecting appropriate learning experiences, organizing the curriculum, and evaluating student achievement. This model is often criticized for its linear and prescriptive nature, as it may limit creativity and flexibility in curriculum development. In contrast, Wheeler's Model advocates for a more flexible and dynamic approach to curriculum design that takes into account the diverse needs and interests of students. Wheeler's Model encourages educators to engage in collaborative decision-making and to adapt the curriculum to meet the changing needs of learners.

Assessment

Assessment is an integral part of both Tyler's Model and Wheeler's Model, as it helps educators evaluate student progress and determine the effectiveness of the curriculum. In Tyler's Model, assessment is closely linked to the defined educational objectives, with a focus on measuring student achievement against predetermined criteria. This model emphasizes the use of standardized tests and other quantitative measures to assess student learning. On the other hand, Wheeler's Model advocates for a more holistic approach to assessment that takes into account the social, emotional, and cultural dimensions of learning. Wheeler's Model encourages educators to use a variety of assessment methods, including portfolios, projects, and presentations, to capture the full range of student abilities.

Implementation

Implementing curriculum based on Tyler's Model often involves a top-down approach, with educators following a predetermined set of objectives and learning experiences. This can lead to a lack of flexibility and autonomy for teachers, as they may feel constrained by the rigid structure of the curriculum. In contrast, Wheeler's Model promotes a more bottom-up approach to curriculum implementation, with educators actively engaging in the design and development of the curriculum. This model emphasizes the importance of teacher collaboration, creativity, and innovation in shaping the learning experiences of students.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Tyler's Model and Wheeler's Model offer distinct approaches to curriculum development and implementation in education. While Tyler's Model focuses on defining specific educational objectives and following a systematic process for curriculum design, Wheeler's Model emphasizes the broader goals of education and the importance of social and cultural factors in shaping the curriculum. Educators can benefit from understanding the strengths and weaknesses of both models and incorporating elements of each into their curriculum planning to create a more comprehensive and effective learning experience for students.