Shapes of Greek Temples vs. Shapes of Roman Temples

Attribute	Shapes of Greek Temples	Shapes of Roman Temples
Overall Shape	Rectangular	Rectangular or Circular
Number of Columns	Usually Doric, Ionic, or Corinthian columns	Usually Corinthian columns
Roof Style	Gabled roof	Flat or dome-shaped roof
Decoration	Elaborate friezes and sculptures	Less decorative compared to Greek temples

Introduction

Greek and Roman architecture are two of the most influential styles in the history of Western architecture. Both civilizations left a lasting impact on the world with their impressive temples, which were often dedicated to various gods and goddesses. One of the key differences between Greek and Roman temples is the shape and design of the buildings. In this article, we will compare the attributes of shapes of Greek temples and shapes of Roman temples.

Shapes of Greek Temples

Greek temples are known for their distinctive architectural style, characterized by columns, pediments, and entablatures. The most common shape of Greek temples is the rectangular peripteral design, which features a row of columns surrounding the entire building. This design creates a sense of openness and grandeur, allowing worshippers to approach the temple from all sides. Another common shape of Greek temples is the amphiprostyle design, which features columns only on the front and back of the building. This design is often used for smaller temples or those located in confined spaces.

One of the most famous examples of a Greek temple is the Parthenon in Athens, which features a rectangular peripteral design with Doric columns. The Parthenon is considered a masterpiece of classical architecture, with its harmonious proportions and intricate carvings. Another notable Greek temple is the Temple of Hephaestus in Athens, which features an amphiprostyle design with Ionic columns. This temple is one of the best-preserved ancient Greek temples, showcasing the elegance and sophistication of Greek architecture.

Shapes of Roman Temples

Roman temples, on the other hand, were heavily influenced by Greek architecture but also incorporated elements from Etruscan and Egyptian styles. Roman temples were typically larger and more elaborate than their Greek counterparts, with a greater emphasis on grandeur and monumentality. One of the key differences in the shape of Roman temples is the use of the circular or octagonal design, known as tholos temples. These temples were often dedicated to deities associated with the sky or the sun, such as Jupiter or Apollo.

Another common shape of Roman temples is the rectangular design with a front portico, known as prostyle temples. These temples typically featured a row of columns on the front facade, creating a sense of grandeur and majesty. One of the most famous examples of a Roman temple is the Pantheon in Rome, which features a circular tholos design with a massive dome. The Pantheon is renowned for its innovative use of concrete and its impressive oculus, which allows natural light to illuminate the interior.

Comparison of Shapes

When comparing the shapes of Greek and Roman temples, it is clear that both civilizations had a deep appreciation for architectural beauty and symmetry. Greek temples tended to be more restrained and elegant, with a focus on proportion and harmony. The rectangular peripteral design of Greek temples allowed for a sense of balance and unity, while the amphiprostyle design provided a more intimate and enclosed space for worship.

In contrast, Roman temples were more monumental and imposing, with a greater emphasis on size and scale. The circular and octagonal tholos temples of Rome were a departure from the traditional rectangular shapes of Greek temples, showcasing the Romans' innovative approach to architecture. The prostyle temples of Rome, with their front porticos and grand columns, exuded power and authority, reflecting the might of the Roman Empire.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the shapes of Greek and Roman temples reflect the unique architectural styles and cultural values of each civilization. While Greek temples emphasized elegance and proportion, Roman temples focused on grandeur and monumentality. Both styles have left a lasting legacy in the world of architecture, inspiring countless generations of architects and designers. Whether rectangular or circular, peripteral or prostyle, Greek and Roman temples continue to captivate and awe visitors with their timeless beauty and craftsmanship.