Protestant vs. Reformed

Attribute	Protestant	Reformed
Founder	Various reformers such as Martin Luther, John Calvin, etc.	John Calvin and other reformers
Beliefs	Varies among different denominations	Emphasis on predestination, covenant theology, and the sovereignty of God
Worship	Varies among different denominations	Simple and reverent worship, often with a focus on preaching
Sacraments	Varies among different denominations, typically 2-3 sacraments	Typically 2 sacraments: Baptism and the Lord's Supper
Church Structure	Varies among different denominations	Presbyterian system with elders and deacons

History

Protestantism emerged in the 16th century as a movement within Christianity that sought to reform the Roman Catholic Church. The Protestant Reformation was sparked by Martin Luther's 95 Theses, which criticized the Church's practices and teachings. The Reformed tradition, on the other hand, is a branch of Protestantism that emerged from the teachings of John Calvin in the 16th century. Calvinism, as it is also known, emphasizes the sovereignty of God and the doctrine of predestination.

Beliefs

Protestants believe in the authority of the Bible as the sole source of divine revelation and salvation through faith in Jesus Christ. They reject the authority of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church's teachings on sacraments and salvation. Reformed Christians share these beliefs but also emphasize the sovereignty of God in all aspects of life. They believe in the total depravity of humanity and the need for God's grace for salvation.

Worship

Protestant worship services vary widely depending on the denomination, but they typically include singing hymns, prayer, and a sermon. Some Protestant churches also practice sacraments such as baptism and communion. Reformed worship services are characterized by a strong emphasis on the preaching of the Word. Sermons are often lengthy and focus on the exposition of Scripture. Reformed churches also practice the sacraments but may have different views on their significance.

Church Structure

Protestant churches have a variety of structures, ranging from hierarchical to congregational. Some denominations have bishops or presbyters who oversee multiple churches, while others are governed by the congregation itself. Reformed churches typically have a presbyterian form of government, where elders and ministers share in the decision-making process. This system is based on the belief in the priesthood of all believers and the need for accountability within the church.

Theology

Protestant theology is diverse and encompasses a wide range of beliefs on topics such as salvation, the Trinity, and the nature of God. Reformed theology, on the other hand, is characterized by its emphasis on the sovereignty of God and the doctrine of predestination. Calvinists believe that God has predestined some individuals for salvation and others for damnation, based on his sovereign will. This belief sets Reformed theology apart from other Protestant traditions.

Sacraments

Protestants typically practice two sacraments: baptism and communion. Baptism is seen as a symbol of cleansing and rebirth, while communion is a remembrance of Christ's sacrifice. Reformed Christians also practice these sacraments but may have different views on their significance. Some Reformed churches believe in the real presence of Christ in communion, while others see it as a symbolic act of remembrance.

Mission and Outreach

Protestant churches are known for their emphasis on evangelism and mission work. Many Protestant denominations have a strong focus on spreading the gospel and making disciples of all nations. Reformed churches also engage in mission and outreach but may have a different approach. Some Reformed Christians emphasize the importance of social justice and caring for the marginalized in society as part of their mission work.

Conclusion

While Protestantism and Reformed Christianity share many beliefs and practices, there are also significant differences between the two traditions. Protestants emphasize the authority of the Bible and salvation through faith in Jesus Christ, while Reformed Christians also emphasize the sovereignty of God and the doctrine of predestination. Both traditions have made significant contributions to the history of Christianity and continue to shape the beliefs and practices of millions of believers around the world.