Parthenon vs. Temple of Athena

Attribute	Parthenon	Temple of Athena
Location	Athens, Greece	Athens, Greece
Architect	Ictinus and Callicrates	Unknown
Construction Period	447-438 BC	500s BC
Size	Approx. 69.5 x 30.9 meters	Unknown
Function	Temple dedicated to Athena	Temple dedicated to Athena
Architectural Style	Doric	Doric

Architecture

The Parthenon, located on the Acropolis of Athens, is a Doric temple dedicated to the goddess Athena. It was built in the mid-5th century BC and is considered a masterpiece of classical Greek architecture. The temple is made of marble and features eight columns on the facades and seventeen columns on the sides. The Temple of Athena, on the other hand, is located in Paestum, Italy, and is also a Doric temple dedicated to the goddess Athena. It was built in the 6th century BC and is made of local limestone. The temple has six columns on the facades and thirteen columns on the sides.

Size

The Parthenon is larger in size compared to the Temple of Athena. The Parthenon measures 69.5 meters long, 30.9 meters wide, and 13.7 meters high. In contrast, the Temple of Athena is smaller, measuring 31.8 meters long, 14.5 meters wide, and 6.9 meters high. The Parthenon's size and proportions are considered to be ideal according to classical Greek architectural principles, making it a symbol of harmony and perfection.

Decoration

The Parthenon is known for its elaborate decoration, including sculptures and friezes that depict various mythological scenes. The most famous of these is the Parthenon Marbles, which were originally part of the temple but are now housed in the British Museum. The Temple of Athena, on the other hand, has simpler decoration, with fewer sculptures and friezes. The temple's pediments and metopes are also less intricate compared to those of the Parthenon.

Function

Both the Parthenon and the Temple of Athena were dedicated to the goddess Athena, but they served different functions. The Parthenon was primarily a temple where the cult of Athena was worshiped, and it also housed a massive gold and ivory statue of the goddess. The Temple of Athena, on the other hand, was likely used for religious ceremonies and sacrifices, but it did not house any cult statues. The differences in function are reflected in the architectural design and decoration of the two temples.

Historical Significance

The Parthenon is one of the most iconic symbols of ancient Greece and is considered a symbol of Athenian democracy and culture. It has survived for over 2,000 years and has inspired countless imitations and interpretations in art and architecture. The Temple of Athena, while less well-known, is also significant as one of the best-preserved Doric temples in the world. It provides valuable insights into ancient Greek religious practices and architectural techniques.

Legacy

The Parthenon's legacy extends beyond its original function as a temple. It has been used as a church, a mosque, and even a gunpowder storage facility throughout its history. The temple's enduring presence on the Acropolis of Athens has made it a symbol of resilience and endurance. The Temple of Athena, while not as famous as the Parthenon, also has a lasting legacy as a testament to the skill and craftsmanship of ancient Greek architects and builders.