Norman vs. Saxon

Attribute	Norman	Saxon
Origin	From Normandy, France	From Germany, Denmark, and the Netherlands
Language	Spoke Norman French	Spoke Old English
Architecture	Introduced Romanesque architecture	Developed Anglo-Saxon architecture
Government	Centralized feudal system	Decentralized tribal system
Religion	Introduced Roman Catholicism	Practiced paganism and later Christianity

Historical Background

The Normans were descendants of Vikings who settled in northern France in the 10th century. They were known for their military prowess and conquests, including the famous Battle of Hastings in 1066. The Saxons, on the other hand, were a Germanic tribe that settled in England in the 5th century. They had a rich cultural heritage and were known for their skilled craftsmanship and artistry.

Architecture

Norman architecture is characterized by its massive stone structures, round arches, and thick walls. They built impressive castles and cathedrals, such as the Tower of London and Durham Cathedral. In contrast, Saxon architecture was simpler and more utilitarian, with wooden structures and thatched roofs. Their buildings were often small and functional, reflecting their practical nature.

Language and Culture

The Normans spoke Old Norman French, which had a significant influence on the English language. Many French words were adopted into English during the Norman conquest, enriching the language with new vocabulary. The Saxons, on the other hand, spoke Old English, which was a Germanic language. Their culture was deeply rooted in traditions and folklore, with a strong emphasis on community and family.

Government and Law

The Normans introduced a centralized feudal system in England after the conquest, with William the Conqueror as the king. They established a strong monarchy and a system of nobility, with strict laws and regulations. The Saxons, on the other hand, had a more decentralized system of government, with local rulers and tribal councils. Their laws were based on customs and traditions, with a focus on justice and fairness.

Religion

The Normans were devout Catholics and built many grand churches and monasteries across England. They brought with them the Romanesque style of architecture and art, which was characterized by its ornate decorations and religious symbolism. The Saxons, on the other hand, were also Christians but followed the Celtic tradition. Their churches were simpler and more modest, with a focus on spirituality and community.

Warfare and Military

The Normans were skilled warriors and introduced new military tactics and technologies to England. They built formidable castles and fortifications to defend their territories and maintain control. The Saxons, on the other hand, relied on traditional weapons and tactics, such as spears and shields. They were known for their bravery and resilience in battle, despite being outnumbered by the Normans.

Art and Literature

The Normans were patrons of the arts and commissioned many works of art and literature during their rule. They brought with them the Romanesque style of art, which was characterized by its intricate designs and religious themes. The Saxons, on the other hand, were known for their epic poems and sagas, such as Beowulf. Their literature was rich in symbolism and mythology, reflecting their pagan roots.

Legacy

The Norman conquest had a lasting impact on England, shaping its language, culture, and institutions. Many Norman customs and traditions were adopted by the English, creating a unique blend of Norman and Saxon influences. The Saxons, on the other hand, left a legacy of resilience and determination, as seen in their struggle against the Norman invaders. Their cultural heritage continues to be celebrated and preserved in modern England.