Non-Structural Discrimination vs. Structural Discrimination

Attribute	Non-Structural Discrimination	Structural Discrimination
Definition	Discrimination based on individual beliefs or actions	Discrimination embedded in societal structures and institutions
Impact	Can be addressed through education and awareness	Requires systemic change to address root causes
Examples	Individual acts of racism or sexism	Unequal access to resources based on race or gender

Definition

Non-structural discrimination refers to individual acts of prejudice or bias that are not embedded within the policies or practices of an institution. This type of discrimination is often based on personal beliefs or stereotypes and can manifest in various forms such as microaggressions, verbal harassment, or exclusion. On the other hand, structural discrimination involves systemic barriers that are built into the framework of society, leading to unequal opportunities and outcomes for certain groups. This type of discrimination is often perpetuated by institutions, laws, and policies that disadvantage marginalized communities.

Impact

Non-structural discrimination can have a significant impact on individuals' mental health and well-being. When someone experiences discrimination on a personal level, it can lead to feelings of isolation, low self-esteem, and anxiety. These negative effects can also extend to physical health, as stress from discrimination has been linked to various health problems. In contrast, structural discrimination has a broader impact on entire communities or populations. It can perpetuate cycles of poverty, limit access to education and employment opportunities, and contribute to the marginalization of certain groups.

Visibility

Non-structural discrimination is often more visible and easier to identify because it involves individual actions or behaviors. For example, a person making a racist comment or refusing to hire someone based on their gender can be easily recognized as discriminatory. On the other hand, structural discrimination is often more subtle and hidden within the systems and institutions of society. It may not be as overt as individual acts of discrimination, making it harder to address and dismantle.

Perpetuation

Non-structural discrimination is perpetuated by the attitudes and beliefs of individuals, which can be influenced by societal norms and stereotypes. These biases can be passed down through generations and reinforced through media, education, and social interactions. Structural discrimination, on the other hand, is perpetuated by the policies and practices of institutions that uphold unequal power dynamics. These systems can be difficult to change because they are deeply ingrained in society and may benefit those in positions of privilege.

Intersectionality

Non-structural discrimination can intersect with other forms of oppression, such as racism, sexism, or homophobia, to create unique experiences of discrimination for individuals who belong to multiple marginalized groups. For example, a Black woman may face discrimination based on both her race and gender, leading to intersecting forms of bias and disadvantage. Structural discrimination also intersects with various forms of oppression, but it does so on a larger scale, impacting entire communities or populations based on intersecting identities.

Resistance

Non-structural discrimination can be challenged through individual actions, such as calling out discriminatory behavior, educating others about the impact of prejudice, and advocating for equality and inclusion. While these efforts are important, they may not address the root causes of discrimination embedded within societal structures. Structural discrimination requires systemic change and collective action to dismantle the policies and practices that perpetuate inequality. This can involve advocating for policy reforms, supporting marginalized communities, and promoting equity in all aspects of society.