Neorealism vs. Structural Realism

Attribute	Neorealism	Structural Realism
Focus	State behavior	Anarchy and power distribution
Key Figures	Waltz, Mearsheimer	Morgenthau, Waltz
Key Texts	"Theory of International Politics" by Waltz	"Politics Among Nations" by Morgenthau
Unit of Analysis	State	International system
Assumptions	States are rational actors	Anarchy leads to self-help behavior

Neorealism and Structural Realism are two prominent theories in the field of international relations that seek to explain the behavior of states in the international system. While both theories share some similarities, they also have distinct attributes that set them apart. In this article, we will compare the key attributes of Neorealism and Structural Realism to provide a better understanding of their differences and similarities.

Definition

Neorealism, also known as structural realism, is a theory of international relations that emphasizes the importance of the international system in shaping the behavior of states. According to Neorealism, the structure of the international system, characterized by anarchy and the distribution of power among states, is the primary determinant of state behavior. On the other hand, Structural Realism, also known as neoclassical realism, focuses on the internal characteristics of states, such as their capabilities and interests, as well as the external constraints imposed by the international system.

Key Concepts

One of the key concepts of Neorealism is the balance of power, which refers to the distribution of power among states in the international system. Neorealists argue that states seek to maintain a balance of power to ensure their security and survival in a self-help system. In contrast, Structural Realism emphasizes the concept of relative gains, which refers to the idea that states are primarily concerned with increasing their power relative to other states, rather than absolute gains.

Assumptions

Neorealism is based on the assumption that states are rational actors that seek to maximize their security in an anarchic international system. Neorealists believe that states are primarily motivated by the desire to survive and maintain their sovereignty, which leads them to engage in power politics and balance against potential threats. On the other hand, Structural Realism assumes that states are unitary actors with defined interests and capabilities that shape their behavior in the international system.

Focus

Neorealism focuses on the systemic level of analysis, examining the impact of the international system on state behavior and interactions. Neorealists argue that the structure of the international system, characterized by anarchy and the distribution of power, is the primary determinant of state behavior. In contrast, Structural Realism focuses on the unit level of analysis, emphasizing the internal characteristics of states, such as their capabilities and interests, as well as the external constraints imposed by the international system.

Implications

Neorealism has important implications for understanding the dynamics of international politics, particularly in terms of conflict and cooperation among states. Neorealists argue that the balance of power and security dilemma inherent in the international system can lead to conflict and competition among states. In contrast, Structural Realism highlights the importance of domestic factors, such as leadership and decision-making, in shaping state behavior and foreign policy choices.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Neorealism and Structural Realism are two influential theories in the field of international relations that offer different perspectives on the behavior of states in the international system. While Neorealism emphasizes the impact of the international system on state behavior, Structural Realism focuses on the internal characteristics of states and their interactions with the international system. By comparing the attributes of Neorealism and Structural Realism, we can gain a better understanding of the complexities of international politics and the factors that shape state behavior in the global arena.