Neorealism vs. Realism

Attribute	Neorealism	Realism
Origin	Emerges as a response to classical realism in the mid-20th century	Originates in the 19th century
Focus	Emphasizes the role of power and security in international relations	Focuses on the state as the primary actor in international relations
Human Nature	Assumes humans are inherently selfish and power-seeking	Views human nature as a mix of good and evil
Anarchy	Sees anarchy as a defining feature of the international system	Also recognizes anarchy as a key characteristic of the international system
Power	Considers power as the main driving force in international relations	Also emphasizes the importance of power in international relations
Security	Places a strong emphasis on national security and survival	Also prioritizes national security and survival
Conflict	Believes conflict is inevitable due to the anarchic nature of the international system	Recognizes conflict as a natural outcome of competing interests among states
International Organizations	Views international organizations as having limited influence	Also sees international organizations as having limited influence

Introduction

When it comes to understanding international relations, two prominent theories that often come into play are Neorealism and Realism. Both theories provide valuable insights into the behavior of states in the international system. While they share some similarities, they also have distinct attributes that set them apart. In this article, we will explore the key attributes of Neorealism and Realism, highlighting their differences and similarities.

Key Assumptions

Realism, as a theory, assumes that states are the primary actors in international relations and that their behavior is driven by self-interest and the pursuit of power. It emphasizes the anarchic nature of the international system, where there is no central authority to enforce rules and maintain order. Neorealism, on the other hand, builds upon these assumptions but places a greater emphasis on the structure of the international system. It argues that the distribution of power among states is the key determinant of their behavior.

Focus on Power

Both Neorealism and Realism recognize the importance of power in international relations. Realism argues that states are constantly engaged in a struggle for power and security, seeking to maximize their own interests. Neorealism, however, takes a more nuanced approach by distinguishing between different types of power. It introduces the concept of "relative power" and argues that states are primarily concerned with maintaining a favorable balance of power in relation to other states.

State Behavior

Realism suggests that states are rational actors driven by self-interest, and their behavior is largely shaped by the pursuit of power and security. It argues that states will often resort to military force or coercion to protect their interests. Neorealism, on the other hand, emphasizes the constraints imposed by the international system. It suggests that states' behavior is influenced by the structure of the system, such as the distribution of power and the presence of alliances. Neorealists argue that states are more likely to engage in cooperative behavior when they perceive a balance of power or when they are part of a stable alliance.

Role of International Institutions

Realism tends to downplay the significance of international institutions, viewing them as mere reflections of state power rather than independent actors. Realists argue that states will only cooperate when it aligns with their self-interest, and international institutions are often seen as tools for advancing their own agendas. Neorealism, however, acknowledges the role of institutions in shaping state behavior. It recognizes that institutions can help mitigate the security dilemma and provide a platform for states to engage in cooperative behavior. Neorealists argue that institutions can act as a mechanism for states to manage conflicts and maintain stability in the international system.

Focus on Security

Realism places a strong emphasis on security as a driving force behind state behavior. It argues that states are primarily concerned with ensuring their survival and protecting their national interests. Realists believe that states will prioritize security over other considerations, such as economic prosperity or ideological goals. Neorealism, while also recognizing the importance of security, takes a broader view by considering other factors that influence state behavior. It acknowledges that states may pursue different goals depending on their relative power and the structure of the international system.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Neorealism and Realism offer valuable insights into the behavior of states in the international system. While they share some common assumptions, such as the importance of power and self-interest, they also have distinct attributes that set them apart. Realism focuses on the pursuit of power and security, emphasizing the role of states as rational actors. Neorealism, on the other hand, places a greater emphasis on the structure of the international system and the distribution of power among states. It recognizes the role of institutions and the constraints imposed by the system in shaping state behavior. By understanding the key attributes of Neorealism and Realism, we can gain a deeper understanding of the complexities of international relations.