Navayana vs. Theravada

Attribute	Navayana	Theravada
Founder	B. R. Ambedkar	The Buddha
Belief in Caste System	Rejects caste system	Does not reject caste system
Scriptures	Based on the teachings of Ambedkar	Based on Pali Canon
Focus	Social justice and equality	Personal enlightenment and liberation

Origins

Navayana Buddhism, also known as Neo-Buddhism, emerged in India in the 20th century as a movement to reform and reinterpret traditional Buddhism. It was founded by B. R. Ambedkar, a prominent Indian social reformer and politician, who sought to address the social inequalities and caste discrimination prevalent in Indian society. Theravada Buddhism, on the other hand, is considered the oldest surviving branch of Buddhism and is based on the teachings of the Pali Canon, which are believed to be the closest to the original teachings of the Buddha.

Beliefs

Navayana Buddhism emphasizes social justice, equality, and the empowerment of marginalized communities, particularly the Dalits (formerly known as untouchables) in India. It rejects the caste system and promotes the idea of a casteless society. Theravada Buddhism, on the other hand, focuses on individual spiritual development and the path to enlightenment through meditation, ethical conduct, and wisdom. It places a strong emphasis on the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path as the means to achieve liberation from suffering.

Practices

In Navayana Buddhism, social activism and engagement with the community are considered essential practices. Followers are encouraged to work towards social justice, equality, and the upliftment of the oppressed. This may involve participating in protests, advocating for the rights of marginalized groups, and promoting education and empowerment. In contrast, Theravada Buddhism places a greater emphasis on personal meditation practice, ethical conduct, and the study of Buddhist scriptures. Monastic life is highly valued in Theravada tradition, with monks and nuns dedicating themselves to a life of meditation, study, and service.

Scriptures

Navayana Buddhism does not have its own canonical scriptures but draws inspiration from various Buddhist texts, including the Pali Canon and the teachings of the Buddha. B. R. Ambedkar's writings and speeches are also considered important sources of guidance for Navayana Buddhists. Theravada Buddhism, on the other hand, places a strong emphasis on the Pali Canon, which is believed to contain the most authentic teachings of the Buddha. The Tripitaka, consisting of the Vinaya Pitaka, Sutta Pitaka, and Abhidhamma Pitaka, is considered the authoritative scripture in Theravada tradition.

Community

Navayana Buddhism places a strong emphasis on building a supportive and inclusive community that is based on principles of equality, compassion, and social justice. Followers are encouraged to work together to address social issues, support each other in times of need, and promote the values of Buddhism in society. In Theravada Buddhism, the monastic community plays a central role in preserving and transmitting the teachings of the Buddha. Lay followers support the monastic community through offerings, donations, and participation in religious ceremonies and practices.

Approach to Enlightenment

Navayana Buddhism views enlightenment as a collective goal that can be achieved through social transformation and the eradication of social injustices. Followers are encouraged to work towards creating a more just and equitable society as a means to achieve spiritual liberation. Theravada Buddhism, on the other hand, emphasizes individual effort and personal practice as the path to enlightenment. Practitioners are encouraged to cultivate mindfulness, ethical conduct, and wisdom in order to attain liberation from the cycle of birth and death.