National Bolshevism vs. National Syndicalism

Attribute	National Bolshevism	National Syndicalism
Ideology	Mixture of nationalism and Bolshevism	Mixture of nationalism and syndicalism
Leaders	Ernst Niekisch, Karl Otto Paetel	Enrico Corradini, Georges Sorel
Goals	Revolutionary socialism with a nationalist focus	Revolutionary syndicalism with a nationalist focus
Relationship with Communism	Opposed to Soviet-style communism	Some overlap with syndicalist and communist ideas

Origins

National Bolshevism and National Syndicalism are two ideologies that emerged in the early 20th century in Europe. National Bolshevism originated in Russia and Germany, blending elements of nationalism with Marxist socialism. It sought to combine the revolutionary aspects of Bolshevism with the nationalist sentiments of the far-right. National Syndicalism, on the other hand, originated in Italy and France, combining nationalism with syndicalism, a form of trade unionism that advocates for workers' control of industry.

Political Ideology

National Bolshevism is characterized by its emphasis on a strong centralized state, often led by a charismatic leader, who is seen as the embodiment of the nation. It advocates for a planned economy and the nationalization of key industries, while also promoting traditional values and cultural identity. National Syndicalism, on the other hand, emphasizes the role of the working class in society and seeks to establish a system of industrial democracy where workers have control over the means of production. It rejects both capitalism and communism in favor of a third way.

Nationalism

Both National Bolshevism and National Syndicalism place a strong emphasis on nationalism, but they define it in different ways. National Bolshevism tends to focus on ethnic nationalism, emphasizing the importance of a shared cultural and historical heritage. It often includes elements of racial purity and exclusivity. National Syndicalism, on the other hand, emphasizes civic nationalism, where membership in the nation is based on shared values and beliefs rather than ethnicity. It promotes a sense of solidarity among all members of society, regardless of their background.

Economic Policies

When it comes to economic policies, National Bolshevism advocates for a planned economy with state control over key industries. It seeks to eliminate class distinctions and create a more equal society through redistribution of wealth. National Syndicalism, on the other hand, advocates for a system of industrial democracy where workers have control over the means of production through trade unions and syndicates. It aims to create a more just and equitable society by empowering the working class.

Role of the State

In National Bolshevism, the state plays a central role in regulating the economy and society as a whole. It is seen as the ultimate authority that ensures order and stability. The state is often led by a strong leader who embodies the will of the nation. In National Syndicalism, the state is seen as a tool for achieving social justice and equality. It is meant to serve the interests of the working class and facilitate their control over the means of production. The state is seen as a means to an end, rather than an end in itself.

International Relations

Both National Bolshevism and National Syndicalism have complex relationships with international politics. National Bolshevism often advocates for a form of anti-imperialism, seeking to establish alliances with other anti-capitalist and anti-imperialist movements around the world. It sees itself as part of a global struggle against imperialism and capitalism. National Syndicalism, on the other hand, tends to focus more on national interests and the well-being of the working class within its own borders. It is less concerned with international alliances and more focused on building a strong and self-sufficient nation.

Conclusion

In conclusion, National Bolshevism and National Syndicalism are two distinct ideologies that emerged in Europe in the early 20th century. While they share some similarities, such as their emphasis on nationalism and rejection of liberal capitalism, they differ in their economic policies, views on the role of the state, and approach to international relations. National Bolshevism tends to emphasize a strong centralized state and planned economy, while National Syndicalism focuses on empowering the working class through industrial democracy. Both ideologies have had a significant impact on political thought and continue to influence movements around the world today.