Magnesium vs. Magnesium Hydroxide

Attribute	Magnesium	Magnesium Hydroxide
Chemical Formula	Mg	Mg(OH)2
State at Room Temperature	Solid	Solid
Color	Silver	White
Uses	Alloying agent, dietary supplement	Antacid, laxative
Solubility in Water	Reacts slowly	Soluble

Introduction

Magnesium and magnesium hydroxide are two compounds that are closely related but have distinct differences in their properties and uses. Both substances are commonly used in various industries and have important roles in our daily lives. In this article, we will compare the attributes of magnesium and magnesium hydroxide to understand their similarities and differences.

Physical Properties

Magnesium is a chemical element with the symbol Mg and atomic number 12. It is a shiny gray solid at room temperature and is known for its light weight and high strength-to-weight ratio. Magnesium is a metal that is commonly used in alloys to improve their mechanical properties. On the other hand, magnesium hydroxide is a white solid that is insoluble in water. It is often used as an antacid to neutralize stomach acid and relieve indigestion.

Chemical Properties

One of the key differences between magnesium and magnesium hydroxide is their chemical properties. Magnesium is a reactive metal that easily forms compounds with other elements. It is highly flammable and burns with a bright white flame. Magnesium hydroxide, on the other hand, is a relatively stable compound that does not react with most substances. It is a weak base that can neutralize acids by forming salts and water.

Uses

Magnesium has a wide range of industrial applications due to its lightweight and high strength. It is commonly used in the aerospace industry to make lightweight alloys for aircraft and spacecraft. Magnesium is also used in the automotive industry to reduce the weight of vehicles and improve fuel efficiency. In contrast, magnesium hydroxide is primarily used in medicine as an antacid to treat heartburn and indigestion. It is also used in the production of flame retardants for plastics and textiles.

Toxicity

While magnesium is an essential mineral that is important for many bodily functions, excessive intake of magnesium can be toxic. Symptoms of magnesium toxicity include diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal cramps. In contrast, magnesium hydroxide is considered safe for human consumption and is commonly used as an antacid in over-the-counter medications. However, excessive use of magnesium hydroxide can lead to side effects such as diarrhea and electrolyte imbalances.

Environmental Impact

Magnesium production can have a significant environmental impact due to the energy-intensive processes involved in extracting the metal from its ores. Mining and processing magnesium can result in air and water pollution, as well as habitat destruction. On the other hand, magnesium hydroxide is considered to be more environmentally friendly, as it is a naturally occurring compound that can be easily synthesized from magnesium oxide. Magnesium hydroxide is also biodegradable and does not accumulate in the environment.

Conclusion

In conclusion, magnesium and magnesium hydroxide are two compounds that have distinct properties and uses. While magnesium is a reactive metal with industrial applications, magnesium hydroxide is a stable compound that is commonly used in medicine. Both substances have their own advantages and disadvantages, and it is important to consider these factors when choosing between magnesium and magnesium hydroxide for a specific application.