Linguistic and Cognitive Devices or Discursive Strategies in van Dijk Model 2005 vs. Linguistic and Cognitive Devices or Discursive Strategies in van Dijk Model 2014

Attribute	Linguistic and Cognitive Devices or Discursive Strategies in van Dijk Model 2005	Linguistic and Cognitive Devices or Discursive Strategies in van Dijk Model 2014
Definition	Focuses on the role of language and cognition in shaping discourse	Expands on the role of discourse in shaping social structures and power relations
Emphasis	Primarily on linguistic and cognitive mechanisms	Shifts towards broader social and political implications
Scope	More narrow focus on language and cognition	Broader scope including social context and power dynamics
Application	Applied to understanding language processing and comprehension	Applied to analyzing social discourses and ideologies

Introduction

Van Dijk's models of discourse analysis have been influential in the field of linguistics and cognitive science. In his 2005 model, he outlined various linguistic and cognitive devices or discursive strategies that are used in discourse processing. In his 2014 model, he further refined and expanded upon these concepts. This article will compare the attributes of linguistic and cognitive devices in van Dijk's 2005 model with those in his 2014 model.

Linguistic Devices in van Dijk Model 2005

In van Dijk's 2005 model, linguistic devices refer to the specific language structures and features that are used in discourse. These devices include things like pronouns, conjunctions, and lexical choices. Pronouns, for example, can be used to establish relationships between entities in a discourse, while conjunctions can signal logical connections between ideas. Lexical choices, on the other hand, can convey nuances of meaning and tone.

One key attribute of linguistic devices in van Dijk's 2005 model is their role in shaping the coherence and cohesion of a discourse. By using pronouns and conjunctions effectively, speakers or writers can create a sense of flow and unity in their discourse. Additionally, linguistic devices can also be used to signal the structure of a discourse, such as introducing a topic or transitioning between ideas.

Another important aspect of linguistic devices in van Dijk's 2005 model is their ability to convey social and cultural meanings. For example, the use of certain lexical choices or pronouns can signal power dynamics or social hierarchies within a discourse. By analyzing these linguistic devices, researchers can uncover underlying social structures and ideologies at play in a given text.

Cognitive Devices in van Dijk Model 2005

Cognitive devices in van Dijk's 2005 model refer to the mental processes and strategies that individuals use to comprehend and interpret discourse. These devices include things like inference-making, mental models, and schema activation. Inference-making, for example, involves filling in gaps in information based on contextual cues. Mental models, on the other hand, are internal representations of the discourse that help individuals make sense of the text.

One key attribute of cognitive devices in van Dijk's 2005 model is their role in guiding comprehension and interpretation. By activating relevant schemas and making inferences, individuals can construct a coherent mental representation of the discourse. This process allows them to understand the relationships between ideas and draw conclusions about the text.

Another important aspect of cognitive devices in van Dijk's 2005 model is their influence on memory and attention. By strategically activating relevant schemas and making connections between ideas, individuals can enhance their memory for the discourse. Additionally, cognitive devices can also help individuals focus their attention on key information and ignore irrelevant details.

Linguistic Devices in van Dijk Model 2014

In van Dijk's 2014 model, linguistic devices are further elaborated and expanded upon. In this model, linguistic devices are seen as not only shaping the coherence and cohesion of a discourse but also as tools for constructing social identities and power relations. For example, the use of certain pronouns or lexical choices can signal solidarity or distance between speakers, as well as establish authority or subordination.

One key attribute of linguistic devices in van Dijk's 2014 model is their role in constructing social realities and ideologies. By analyzing the linguistic choices made in a discourse, researchers can uncover underlying beliefs, values, and norms that shape social interactions. Linguistic devices can be used to reinforce or challenge dominant discourses and power structures.

Another important aspect of linguistic devices in van Dijk's 2014 model is their ability to shape perceptions and attitudes. By using language strategically, speakers or writers can influence how their audience perceives certain ideas or individuals. Linguistic devices can be used to evoke emotions, create empathy, or provoke critical thinking.

Cognitive Devices in van Dijk Model 2014

In van Dijk's 2014 model, cognitive devices are also further developed and refined. In this model, cognitive devices are seen as not only guiding comprehension and interpretation but also as tools for constructing mental representations of social reality. For example, individuals may use mental models to make sense of power dynamics or social hierarchies in a discourse, as well as to infer underlying intentions or motives.

One key attribute of cognitive devices in van Dijk's 2014 model is their role in shaping individuals' perceptions of social reality. By activating relevant schemas and making inferences, individuals can construct a mental model of the discourse that reflects their understanding of the social world. This process allows them to interpret the text in light of their own beliefs and experiences.

Another important aspect of cognitive devices in van Dijk's 2014 model is their influence on decision-making and behavior. By constructing mental models of social reality, individuals can make judgments about the credibility of information, the trustworthiness of sources, and the legitimacy of claims. Cognitive devices can also influence individuals' attitudes and actions towards others.