Lead White vs. Zinc White

Attribute	Lead White	Zinc White
Chemical Composition	Lead carbonate	Zinc oxide
Color	White	White
Opacity	High	High
Lightfastness	Good	Good
Toxicity	High	Low

Introduction

Lead white and zinc white are two commonly used white pigments in the world of art. Both have their own unique attributes and characteristics that make them popular choices for artists. In this article, we will compare the properties of lead white and zinc white to help artists make an informed decision when choosing between the two.

Chemical Composition

Lead white, also known as lead carbonate, is a white pigment that has been used for centuries. It is made by mixing lead acetate with carbon dioxide. On the other hand, zinc white, also known as zinc oxide, is a synthetic white pigment made by heating zinc metal in the presence of oxygen. Both pigments have different chemical compositions, which can affect their performance and durability.

Opacity and Coverage

Lead white is known for its excellent opacity and coverage. It has a high refractive index, which means it can effectively block out underlying colors. This makes it a popular choice for artists who want to create thick, opaque layers of paint. Zinc white, on the other hand, has slightly less opacity compared to lead white. It is more transparent and can be used to create subtle glazes and transparent layers of paint.

Color Temperature

Lead white has a slightly warmer color temperature compared to zinc white. It has a creamy, yellowish undertone that can add warmth to a painting. Zinc white, on the other hand, has a cooler color temperature. It has a bluish undertone that can give paintings a cooler, more neutral appearance. Artists often choose between lead white and zinc white based on the desired color temperature of their painting.

Handling and Toxicity

Lead white is known for its smooth, buttery consistency that makes it easy to work with. It has good brushing properties and can be easily manipulated on the canvas. However, lead white is highly toxic and can pose health risks if ingested or inhaled. Zinc white, on the other hand, is less toxic compared to lead white. It is considered to be a safer alternative for artists who are concerned about the health risks associated with lead pigments.

Lightfastness and Stability

Lead white is known for its excellent lightfastness and stability. It does not yellow or darken over time, making it a popular choice for artists who want their paintings to stand the test of time. Zinc white, on the other hand, is less stable compared to lead white. It can yellow or become brittle over time, especially when exposed to high levels of humidity or pollution. Artists should consider the long-term stability of their paintings when choosing between lead white and zinc white.

Cost and Availability

Lead white is a more expensive pigment compared to zinc white. It is a natural pigment that is mined from the earth, making it a premium choice for artists. Zinc white, on the other hand, is a synthetic pigment that is more affordable and readily available. Artists on a budget may choose zinc white as a cost-effective alternative to lead white. However, some artists prefer the unique qualities of lead white and are willing to invest in this premium pigment.

Conclusion

In conclusion, lead white and zinc white are two popular white pigments with their own unique attributes and characteristics. Lead white is known for its excellent opacity, warm color temperature, and stability, but it is highly toxic and expensive. Zinc white, on the other hand, has slightly less opacity, a cooler color temperature, and is less toxic and more affordable. Artists should consider their painting style, budget, and health concerns when choosing between lead white and zinc white.