Isopropyl vs. Methanol

Attribute	Isopropyl	Methanol
Chemical Formula	C3H8O	CH3OH
Molecular Weight	60.1 g/mol	32.04 g/mol
Boiling Point	82.6°C	64.7°C
Flash Point	11.7°C	11.7°C
Odor	Alcohol-like	Alcohol-like

Introduction

Isopropyl alcohol and methanol are two common types of alcohol that are used for various purposes. While they may seem similar at first glance, they have distinct attributes that make them suitable for different applications. In this article, we will compare the attributes of isopropyl and methanol to help you understand their differences.

Chemical Structure

Isopropyl alcohol, also known as isopropanol, has the chemical formula C3H8O. It is a secondary alcohol, meaning that the hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon atom that is attached to two other carbon atoms. On the other hand, methanol, also known as methyl alcohol, has the chemical formula CH3OH. It is a primary alcohol, with the hydroxyl group attached to a carbon atom that is only attached to one other carbon atom.

Solubility

Isopropyl alcohol is soluble in water, with a miscibility of around 12% by weight at room temperature. This makes it a useful solvent for a variety of applications, including cleaning and disinfecting. Methanol, on the other hand, is completely miscible with water, meaning that it can dissolve in any proportion. This property makes methanol a versatile solvent for various industrial processes.

Toxicity

Isopropyl alcohol is considered relatively safe for use in household products, as it is not as toxic as other types of alcohol. However, ingesting large amounts of isopropyl alcohol can lead to poisoning and even death. Methanol, on the other hand, is highly toxic and can cause blindness, organ failure, and death if ingested. Due to its toxicity, methanol is strictly regulated in many countries.

Flammability

Isopropyl alcohol is flammable, with a flash point of around 12.8°C (55°F). This makes it a potential fire hazard, especially when used in high concentrations. Methanol, on the other hand, is even more flammable, with a flash point of around 11.7°C (53°F). It is important to handle both isopropyl alcohol and methanol with care to prevent accidents.

Uses

Isopropyl alcohol is commonly used as a solvent for cleaning and disinfecting surfaces, as well as for removing sticky residues. It is also used in the production of hand sanitizers and rubbing alcohol. Methanol, on the other hand, is used in the production of formaldehyde, acetic acid, and other chemicals. It is also used as a fuel additive and as a solvent in various industries.

Conclusion

In conclusion, isopropyl alcohol and methanol have different attributes that make them suitable for different applications. Isopropyl alcohol is less toxic and slightly less flammable than methanol, making it a safer choice for household use. However, methanol's complete solubility in water and versatility as a solvent make it a valuable chemical in various industries. Understanding the differences between isopropyl alcohol and methanol can help you choose the right alcohol for your specific needs.