Implicature vs. Register

Attribute	Implicature	Register
Definition	Meaning that is implied by a speaker's utterance, rather than the literal meaning	The level of formality or informality in language use
Types	Conversational implicature, conventional implicature, and particularized implicature	Field, tenor, mode
Context	Dependent on context and speaker's intentions	Dependent on social context, relationship between speakers, and purpose of communication
Grammatical markers	May involve use of specific linguistic devices like scalar implicatures or presuppositions	May involve use of specific vocabulary, syntax, and tone

Definition

Implicature and register are two linguistic concepts that play a crucial role in communication. Implicature refers to the additional meaning that is implied by a speaker's words, beyond the literal meaning. It involves the listener inferring something that is not explicitly stated. Register, on the other hand, refers to the level of formality or informality in language use, which is determined by factors such as the context, audience, and purpose of communication.

Characteristics

Implicature is often subtle and relies on the listener's ability to infer the intended meaning based on context and shared knowledge. It can be categorized into two types: conventional implicature, which is based on conventional meanings of words, and conversational implicature, which is based on the context of the conversation. Register, on the other hand, is more overt and can be identified through specific linguistic features such as vocabulary, syntax, and tone. It serves as a marker of social identity and helps establish the appropriate level of formality in communication.

Function

Implicature serves to enrich communication by allowing speakers to convey additional layers of meaning without explicitly stating them. It can help create nuance, humor, or subtlety in language use. Register, on the other hand, serves to establish the appropriate level of formality in communication, which can vary depending on the social context and relationship between the interlocutors. It helps ensure that communication is effective and appropriate for the given situation.

Examples

An example of implicature would be a speaker saying "It's hot in here" when they really mean "Could you please turn on the air conditioning?" The listener infers the speaker's intended meaning based on the context of the conversation. An example of register would be a speaker using formal language and polite expressions when speaking to a superior at work, as opposed to using informal language with friends. The choice of register reflects the social dynamics and expectations of the communication setting.

Impact on Communication

Implicature can enhance communication by allowing speakers to convey complex ideas and emotions in a concise manner. It encourages active listening and engagement from the listener, as they must infer the speaker's intended meaning. Register, on the other hand, can impact the effectiveness of communication by influencing how the message is perceived by the audience. Using the appropriate register can help establish credibility and rapport with the listener, while using an inappropriate register can lead to misunderstandings or misinterpretations.

Conclusion

In conclusion, implicature and register are both important aspects of language use that play a significant role in communication. While implicature adds depth and nuance to language by allowing speakers to convey additional meaning, register helps establish the appropriate level of formality in communication. Both concepts contribute to effective and nuanced communication, and understanding their differences can help individuals navigate various social and professional contexts with ease.