Idealism Theory in International Relations vs. Realism Theory in International Relations

Attribute	Idealism Theory in International Relations	Realism Theory in International Relations
View of human nature	Believes in the inherent goodness of human nature	Believes in the inherent selfishness and aggressiveness of human nature
Focus on morality	Emphasizes moral principles and values in international relations	Emphasizes power and national interest over morality
Approach to conflict resolution	Prefers peaceful means such as diplomacy and negotiation	Believes in the use of military force to resolve conflicts
View of international institutions	Supports the role of international institutions in promoting cooperation	Views international institutions as tools of powerful states

Idealism Theory

Idealism is a theory in international relations that emphasizes the importance of moral values, principles, and ideals in shaping the behavior of states. Proponents of idealism believe that states should prioritize cooperation, diplomacy, and peaceful resolutions to conflicts. They argue that international institutions and organizations play a crucial role in promoting peace and stability in the world. Idealists also believe in the possibility of achieving a more just and equitable global order through collective action and adherence to international law.

Realism Theory

Realism, on the other hand, is a theory in international relations that focuses on power, self-interest, and the pursuit of national security as the primary drivers of state behavior. Realists argue that the international system is inherently anarchic, with states competing for power and resources in a zero-sum game. They believe that states should prioritize their own interests above all else and be prepared to use force to protect and advance those interests. Realists are skeptical of the effectiveness of international institutions and alliances in maintaining peace and stability.

Attributes of Idealism

• Emphasis on moral values and principles
• Advocacy for cooperation and diplomacy
• Belief in the importance of international institutions
• Focus on achieving a more just global order
• Promotion of peaceful resolutions to conflicts

Attributes of Realism

• Focus on power and self-interest
• Emphasis on national security
• Belief in the anarchic nature of the international system
• Skepticism of international institutions
• Readiness to use force to protect national interests

Comparison of Idealism and Realism

While idealism and realism are often presented as opposing theories in international relations, they do share some commonalities. Both theories acknowledge the importance of state sovereignty and the pursuit of national interests. However, they differ in their approaches to achieving peace and stability in the international system.

Idealists believe that cooperation, diplomacy, and adherence to international law are the keys to resolving conflicts and promoting global harmony. They argue that states should prioritize common interests and values over narrow self-interests. Idealists also advocate for the strengthening of international institutions to facilitate cooperation and collective action among states.

On the other hand, realists contend that the international system is characterized by competition and conflict, driven by the pursuit of power and security. They argue that states must prioritize their own interests and be prepared to use force to protect those interests. Realists are skeptical of the effectiveness of international institutions in mitigating conflict and maintaining peace.

Despite their differences, both idealism and realism have influenced the behavior of states in the international arena. States often balance between idealistic principles of cooperation and diplomacy and realist considerations of power and security in their foreign policy decisions. The interplay between these two theories shapes the dynamics of international relations and the pursuit of peace and stability in the world.