Handicap vs. Impairment

Attribute	Handicap	Impairment
Definition	Refers to a disadvantage imposed on an individual due to a disability or other limiting condition	Refers to a loss or limitation of physical, mental, or sensory function
Legal Status	Often used in legal contexts to refer to barriers faced by individuals with disabilities	Primarily used in medical contexts to describe functional limitations
Focus	Emphasizes societal barriers and restrictions that limit opportunities for individuals	Focuses on the individual's physical, mental, or sensory limitations
Perception	Can be seen as a social construct that is influenced by societal attitudes and structures	Generally viewed as a medical or clinical condition

Definition

Handicap and impairment are two terms that are often used interchangeably, but they actually have distinct meanings in the context of disabilities. An impairment refers to a physical, mental, or sensory condition that affects an individual's ability to function in a specific way. This could include conditions such as blindness, deafness, or paralysis. On the other hand, a handicap is a disadvantage imposed on an individual due to an impairment, which may limit their ability to participate in certain activities or access certain resources.

Causes

Impairments can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetic conditions, accidents, illnesses, or aging. These conditions can affect different aspects of a person's life, such as their mobility, communication, or cognitive abilities. Handicaps, on the other hand, are often the result of societal barriers or lack of accommodations that prevent individuals with impairments from fully participating in society. These barriers can include physical obstacles, discrimination, or lack of access to resources.

Impact

Both impairments and handicaps can have a significant impact on an individual's life. An impairment can affect a person's physical or mental abilities, making it difficult for them to perform certain tasks or activities. This can lead to challenges in daily living, work, or social interactions. A handicap, on the other hand, can further exacerbate these challenges by limiting a person's opportunities or access to resources. This can result in feelings of isolation, frustration, or inequality.

Perception

One of the key differences between impairments and handicaps is how they are perceived by society. Impairments are often seen as inherent characteristics of an individual, while handicaps are viewed as external barriers that can be removed or minimized. This distinction is important because it highlights the role that society plays in creating and perpetuating handicaps through discrimination, lack of accessibility, or stigma. By recognizing and addressing these barriers, society can help individuals with impairments overcome their handicaps and fully participate in all aspects of life.

Legislation

Many countries have enacted legislation to protect the rights of individuals with impairments and reduce the impact of handicaps. These laws may include provisions for accessibility, anti-discrimination, or accommodations in various settings such as education, employment, or public spaces. By recognizing the distinction between impairments and handicaps, these laws aim to address the root causes of inequality and promote inclusion for all individuals, regardless of their abilities. This legal framework is essential for creating a more equitable and accessible society for everyone.

Conclusion

In conclusion, while impairments and handicaps are related concepts, they have distinct meanings and implications for individuals with disabilities. An impairment refers to a physical, mental, or sensory condition that affects a person's abilities, while a handicap is a disadvantage imposed on an individual due to societal barriers or lack of accommodations. By recognizing and addressing these differences, society can work towards creating a more inclusive and accessible environment for all individuals, regardless of their abilities.