Ferric Chloride vs. Ferrous Chloride

Attribute	Ferric Chloride	Ferrous Chloride
Chemical Formula	FeCl3	FeCl2
Valency of Iron	+3	+2
Color	Dark brown	Green
State at Room Temperature	Solid	Solid
Solubility in Water	Highly soluble	Soluble

Introduction

Ferric chloride and ferrous chloride are two common compounds that are used in various industrial applications. While they both contain chlorine and iron, they have different chemical properties and uses. In this article, we will compare the attributes of ferric chloride and ferrous chloride to understand their differences and similarities.

Chemical Composition

Ferric chloride, also known as iron(III) chloride, has a chemical formula FeCl3. It contains iron in its +3 oxidation state, which means that each iron atom has lost three electrons. On the other hand, ferrous chloride, or iron(II) chloride, has a chemical formula FeCl2. It contains iron in its +2 oxidation state, with each iron atom losing two electrons. This difference in oxidation states leads to variations in their chemical properties.

Solubility

Ferric chloride is highly soluble in water, forming a yellow-brown solution. It is also soluble in alcohol and acetone. On the other hand, ferrous chloride is less soluble in water compared to ferric chloride. It forms a greenish solution when dissolved in water. The solubility of these compounds plays a crucial role in their applications, especially in aqueous solutions.

Color

One of the most noticeable differences between ferric chloride and ferrous chloride is their color. Ferric chloride is typically a dark brown or orange color, depending on its concentration. In contrast, ferrous chloride is usually a pale green color. This color distinction can be useful in identifying and distinguishing between the two compounds in various chemical processes.

Uses

Ferric chloride is commonly used as a coagulant in water treatment plants to remove impurities and contaminants from water. It is also used in the etching of printed circuit boards and as a catalyst in organic synthesis. Ferrous chloride, on the other hand, is used in the production of iron and steel, as well as in the treatment of sewage and wastewater. Both compounds have important industrial applications, albeit in different fields.

Reactivity

Due to their different oxidation states, ferric chloride and ferrous chloride exhibit varying reactivity. Ferric chloride is a strong oxidizing agent and can react with a wide range of substances, including metals and organic compounds. Ferrous chloride, on the other hand, is a milder reducing agent and is less reactive compared to ferric chloride. Understanding the reactivity of these compounds is essential in controlling chemical reactions and processes.

Toxicity

Both ferric chloride and ferrous chloride can be toxic if ingested or inhaled in large quantities. Ferric chloride is corrosive and can cause burns upon contact with the skin or eyes. It is also harmful if swallowed. Ferrous chloride, while less corrosive than ferric chloride, can still be toxic if consumed in high doses. Proper handling and storage of these compounds are necessary to prevent accidents and exposure to their toxic effects.

Conclusion

In conclusion, ferric chloride and ferrous chloride are two iron-based compounds with distinct chemical properties and uses. While ferric chloride is more soluble, oxidizing, and commonly used in water treatment and etching processes, ferrous chloride is less soluble, milder in reactivity, and utilized in the production of iron and steel. Understanding the differences between these compounds is essential for their proper application in various industries.