Epigeal vs. Hypogeal

Attribute	Epigeal	Hypogeal
Germination	Above ground	Below ground
Seed storage	Endosperm	Cotyledons
Seed size	Usually larger	Usually smaller
Seedling growth	Slower	Faster

Introduction

Epigeal and hypogeal are two terms used to describe different types of germination in plants. Understanding the attributes of each type can help us appreciate the diversity of plant life and how they adapt to their environments. In this article, we will compare the attributes of epigeal and hypogeal germination.

Epigeal Germination

Epigeal germination is a type of germination where the cotyledons of the seed emerge above the soil surface. This type of germination is commonly seen in plants such as beans, peas, and sunflowers. One of the key attributes of epigeal germination is that the cotyledons turn green and start photosynthesizing once they are exposed to light. This allows the seedling to start producing its own food and grow rapidly.

Another attribute of epigeal germination is that the hypocotyl elongates and lifts the cotyledons above the soil surface. This helps the seedling to access sunlight more easily and compete with other plants for light. Epigeal germination is often seen in plants that require a lot of sunlight to grow and thrive.

• Cotyledons emerge above the soil surface
• Cotyledons turn green and start photosynthesizing
• Hypocotyl elongates to lift cotyledons above soil surface
• Requires sunlight for growth

Hypogeal Germination

Hypogeal germination, on the other hand, is a type of germination where the cotyledons remain below the soil surface. This type of germination is commonly seen in plants such as corn, peanuts, and oak trees. One of the key attributes of hypogeal germination is that the cotyledons stay white or pale in color and do not photosynthesize.

Another attribute of hypogeal germination is that the epicotyl elongates and pushes the plumule above the soil surface. This allows the seedling to access sunlight and start photosynthesizing with the true leaves. Hypogeal germination is often seen in plants that can germinate in shady or low-light conditions.

• Cotyledons remain below the soil surface
• Cotyledons stay white or pale in color
• Epicotyl elongates to push plumule above soil surface
• Can germinate in shady or low-light conditions

Comparison

When comparing epigeal and hypogeal germination, we can see that they have distinct attributes that help plants adapt to different environments. Epigeal germination allows seedlings to quickly access sunlight and start producing their own food, while hypogeal germination allows seedlings to germinate in shady or low-light conditions.

Another key difference between epigeal and hypogeal germination is the color of the cotyledons. In epigeal germination, the cotyledons turn green and start photosynthesizing, while in hypogeal germination, the cotyledons stay white or pale in color and do not photosynthesize.

Overall, both epigeal and hypogeal germination are important strategies that plants use to ensure their survival and growth. By understanding the attributes of each type of germination, we can appreciate the diversity of plant life and how they have evolved to thrive in different environments.