Diverticulitis vs. Diverticulosis

Attribute	Diverticulitis	Diverticulosis
Cause	Inflammation of diverticula	Presence of diverticula
Symptoms	Abdominal pain, fever, nausea	Usually asymptomatic
Complications	Abscess, perforation, fistula	Diverticulitis
Treatment	Antibiotics, surgery	Dietary changes, fiber supplements

Overview

Diverticulitis and diverticulosis are two conditions that affect the colon. Diverticulosis occurs when small pouches, called diverticula, form in the colon wall. These pouches are usually harmless and do not cause any symptoms. However, when these pouches become inflamed or infected, the condition is known as diverticulitis. This can lead to more severe symptoms and complications.

Causes

Diverticulosis is believed to be caused by a combination of factors, including a low-fiber diet, aging, and genetics. A diet low in fiber can lead to constipation, which increases pressure in the colon and may contribute to the formation of diverticula. On the other hand, diverticulitis is often caused by a blockage or infection in one of the diverticula. This can lead to inflammation and infection in the surrounding tissue.

Symptoms

Diverticulosis typically does not cause any symptoms. Many people with diverticulosis are unaware that they have the condition until it is discovered during a routine colonoscopy or imaging test. On the other hand, diverticulitis can cause a range of symptoms, including abdominal pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, and changes in bowel habits. In severe cases, diverticulitis can lead to complications such as abscesses, perforations, or fistulas.

Diagnosis

Diverticulosis is often diagnosed incidentally during a colonoscopy or imaging test for another condition. In contrast, diverticulitis is usually diagnosed based on a combination of symptoms, physical examination, and imaging tests such as a CT scan or ultrasound. Blood tests may also be used to check for signs of infection or inflammation.

Treatment

For diverticulosis, treatment typically involves increasing fiber intake, staying hydrated, and possibly taking over-the-counter pain relievers for any discomfort. In some cases, a doctor may recommend a high-fiber diet or fiber supplements to help prevent complications. On the other hand, treatment for diverticulitis may involve antibiotics to treat the infection, a liquid diet to rest the colon, and in severe cases, surgery to remove the affected portion of the colon.

Prevention

Preventing diverticulosis involves maintaining a healthy diet rich in fiber, staying hydrated, and exercising regularly. These lifestyle changes can help keep the colon healthy and reduce the risk of developing diverticula. To prevent diverticulitis, it is important to maintain a high-fiber diet, avoid constipation, and stay hydrated. Managing stress and avoiding certain medications that can increase the risk of diverticulitis may also help prevent flare-ups.