Discourse vs. Speech

Attribute	Discourse	Speech
Definition	The use of spoken or written language in a social context	The act of speaking or verbal communication
Medium	Can be spoken or written	Spoken
Length	Can be longer and more complex	Usually shorter and more concise
Structure	Can involve multiple speakers, topics, and interactions	Usually follows a linear structure
Context	Occurs within a broader social or cultural context	Can be more immediate and specific

Definition

Discourse and speech are two terms that are often used interchangeably, but they actually refer to different aspects of communication. Discourse can be defined as a way of speaking or writing that is longer and more complex than a single sentence. It involves the organization of ideas and the development of a coherent argument or narrative. Speech, on the other hand, refers to the act of speaking or the way in which language is used orally to communicate with others.

Length

One of the key differences between discourse and speech is their length. Discourse tends to be longer and more detailed than speech. It can involve multiple paragraphs or even entire essays or books. Speech, on the other hand, is typically shorter and more immediate. It is often spontaneous and can range from a few words to a few minutes in length.

Formality

Another important distinction between discourse and speech is their level of formality. Discourse is generally more formal and structured than speech. It often follows specific conventions of argumentation or storytelling and may be written in a more academic or professional style. Speech, on the other hand, is often more informal and conversational. It can include slang, colloquialisms, and other elements of spoken language.

Context

Discourse and speech also differ in terms of their context. Discourse is often used in more formal settings, such as academic papers, political speeches, or legal arguments. It is typically planned and prepared in advance to convey a specific message or argument. Speech, on the other hand, is used in a wide range of everyday situations, from casual conversations with friends to public speaking engagements. It is often more spontaneous and can be influenced by the immediate context in which it occurs.

Structure

When it comes to structure, discourse and speech also exhibit differences. Discourse tends to have a more organized and coherent structure, with clear introductions, body paragraphs, and conclusions. It often follows a logical progression of ideas and may include supporting evidence or examples. Speech, on the other hand, can be more fragmented and less linear in its structure. It may include interruptions, repetitions, or digressions that are common in spoken language.

Function

Finally, discourse and speech serve different functions in communication. Discourse is often used to convey complex ideas, persuade an audience, or analyze a topic in depth. It is a way of exploring and developing arguments or narratives over an extended period of time. Speech, on the other hand, is more focused on immediate interaction and exchange of information. It is used to express thoughts, feelings, and opinions in real-time conversations or presentations.