Diamagnetic Substance vs. Paramagnetic Substance

Attribute	Diamagnetic Substance	Paramagnetic Substance
Response to magnetic field	Weaker response	Stronger response
Net magnetic moment	Zero	Non-zero
Alignment of magnetic dipoles	Opposes external magnetic field	Aligns with external magnetic field
Attracted or repelled by magnets	Weakly repelled	Weakly attracted

Diamagnetic Substances

Diamagnetic substances are materials that have a weak and negative response to magnetic fields. This means that when exposed to a magnetic field, diamagnetic substances will create a magnetic field in the opposite direction. This property arises from the electron configuration of the atoms in the material. Diamagnetic substances are typically repelled by magnetic fields, causing them to be pushed away from the source of the field.

One of the key characteristics of diamagnetic substances is that they do not retain any magnetization once the external magnetic field is removed. This is in contrast to paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials, which can retain some level of magnetization even after the external field is removed. Diamagnetic substances are often used in magnetic levitation applications, where they are repelled by a magnetic field to float above a surface.

Examples of diamagnetic substances include bismuth, copper, and water. These materials exhibit weak diamagnetic properties due to the paired electrons in their atomic orbitals. Diamagnetic substances are typically not used in applications where strong magnetic properties are required, as their response to magnetic fields is relatively weak compared to paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials.

In terms of their magnetic susceptibility, diamagnetic substances have a negative value. This means that when placed in a magnetic field, the material will create a magnetic field in the opposite direction, leading to a weak repulsion from the source of the field. The magnetic susceptibility of diamagnetic substances is typically on the order of 10^-5 to 10^-6.

Overall, diamagnetic substances exhibit weak magnetic properties and are typically repelled by magnetic fields. They do not retain any magnetization once the external field is removed and are often used in applications where magnetic levitation is required.

Paramagnetic Substances

Paramagnetic substances are materials that have a weak and positive response to magnetic fields. This means that when exposed to a magnetic field, paramagnetic substances will create a magnetic field in the same direction. This property arises from the presence of unpaired electrons in the atoms of the material. Paramagnetic substances are typically attracted to magnetic fields, causing them to be pulled towards the source of the field.

One of the key characteristics of paramagnetic substances is that they can retain some level of magnetization even after the external magnetic field is removed. This is in contrast to diamagnetic substances, which do not retain any magnetization once the external field is removed. Paramagnetic substances are often used in applications where a weak attraction to magnetic fields is required, such as in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machines.

Examples of paramagnetic substances include oxygen, aluminum, and platinum. These materials exhibit paramagnetic properties due to the presence of unpaired electrons in their atomic orbitals. Paramagnetic substances are typically used in applications where a weak attraction to magnetic fields is needed, as their response to magnetic fields is stronger than that of diamagnetic materials.

In terms of their magnetic susceptibility, paramagnetic substances have a positive value. This means that when placed in a magnetic field, the material will create a magnetic field in the same direction, leading to a weak attraction towards the source of the field. The magnetic susceptibility of paramagnetic substances is typically on the order of 10^-3 to 10^-5.

Overall, paramagnetic substances exhibit weak attraction to magnetic fields and can retain some level of magnetization even after the external field is removed. They are often used in applications where a weak response to magnetic fields is required, such as in MRI machines.

Comparison

• Diamagnetic substances have a weak and negative response to magnetic fields, while paramagnetic substances have a weak and positive response.
• Diamagnetic substances are typically repelled by magnetic fields, while paramagnetic substances are attracted to them.
• Diamagnetic substances do not retain any magnetization once the external magnetic field is removed, whereas paramagnetic substances can retain some level of magnetization.
• Diamagnetic substances have a negative magnetic susceptibility, while paramagnetic substances have a positive magnetic susceptibility.
• Diamagnetic substances are often used in magnetic levitation applications, while paramagnetic substances are used in applications such as MRI machines.