Conversion Disorder vs. Somatic Symptom Disorder

Attribute	Conversion Disorder	Somatic Symptom Disorder
Symptoms	Physical symptoms that suggest a medical condition, but have no identifiable physical cause	Physical symptoms that may or may not have an identifiable medical cause, but are excessive and disproportionate to the actual medical condition
Onset	Symptoms typically develop suddenly after a stressful event	Symptoms may develop gradually and persist over time
Psychological Factors	Linked to psychological stress or trauma	Linked to psychological distress or anxiety
Duration	Symptoms may resolve on their own within a few weeks or months	Symptoms tend to be chronic and long-lasting
Treatment	May involve psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and stress management techniques	May involve a combination of therapy, medication, and lifestyle changes

Definition

Conversion Disorder and Somatic Symptom Disorder are both classified as somatic symptom disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Conversion Disorder is characterized by neurological symptoms such as paralysis, blindness, or seizures that cannot be explained by a medical condition. Somatic Symptom Disorder, on the other hand, involves excessive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors related to physical symptoms that may or may not have an underlying medical cause.

Symptoms

Conversion Disorder typically presents with sudden onset of symptoms that mimic neurological conditions, such as weakness in a limb or difficulty speaking. These symptoms are often inconsistent and may come and go. In contrast, Somatic Symptom Disorder involves a preoccupation with physical symptoms that are either mild or nonexistent. Individuals with this disorder may constantly worry about their health and visit doctors frequently, despite reassurances that there is no serious medical issue.

Causes

The exact cause of Conversion Disorder is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to psychological factors such as stress, trauma, or unresolved conflicts. The symptoms in Conversion Disorder are thought to be a way for the individual to express emotional distress. Somatic Symptom Disorder, on the other hand, is often linked to a history of trauma, illness, or a family history of somatic symptoms. Individuals with this disorder may use physical symptoms as a way to cope with emotional pain or distress.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing Conversion Disorder involves ruling out any medical conditions that could explain the symptoms, as well as conducting a thorough psychological evaluation. The symptoms in Conversion Disorder are not intentionally produced, and the individual may be unaware of the psychological factors contributing to their symptoms. Somatic Symptom Disorder is diagnosed when an individual experiences excessive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors related to physical symptoms that last for at least six months. The symptoms are not intentionally produced, but the individual may have a heightened focus on their physical health.

Treatment

Treatment for Conversion Disorder often involves psychotherapy to address the underlying psychological factors contributing to the symptoms. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and stress management techniques may be used to help the individual manage their symptoms. In some cases, physical therapy or occupational therapy may also be recommended to help improve functioning. Somatic Symptom Disorder is typically treated with a combination of therapy and medication. Cognitive-behavioral therapy can help individuals challenge their beliefs about their symptoms and learn healthier ways to cope with stress. Antidepressants or anti-anxiety medications may also be prescribed to help manage symptoms.

Prognosis

The prognosis for Conversion Disorder is generally good, especially with early intervention and appropriate treatment. Many individuals with Conversion Disorder experience a significant improvement in their symptoms over time. However, the course of the disorder can be unpredictable, and symptoms may come and go. Somatic Symptom Disorder can be more challenging to treat, as individuals may have a strong attachment to their physical symptoms. With proper treatment and support, individuals with Somatic Symptom Disorder can learn to manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life.