Conservatism vs. Neoconservatism

Attribute	Conservatism	Neoconservatism
Definition	Belief in traditional values, limited government intervention, and individual responsibility	Belief in using military power to spread democracy and protect national interests
Foreign Policy	Emphasis on national sovereignty and non-interventionism	Support for military intervention and promotion of democracy abroad
Economic Policy	Support for free market capitalism and limited government regulation	Support for free market capitalism but more willingness to use government intervention for social goals
Social Issues	Emphasis on traditional values and social order	Less emphasis on social issues, more focus on foreign policy and national security

Definition

Conservatism is a political and social philosophy that promotes retaining traditional social institutions. It emphasizes stability and continuity, advocating for gradual change rather than abrupt upheaval. Neoconservatism, on the other hand, is a more recent iteration of conservatism that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s. It is characterized by a more aggressive approach to foreign policy and a willingness to use military force to promote democracy and American interests.

Role of Government

Conservatives generally believe in limited government intervention in the economy and individual lives. They prioritize personal responsibility and free market principles. Neoconservatives, on the other hand, are more willing to use government power to achieve their goals, particularly in the realm of foreign policy. They support a strong military and assertive foreign policy to spread democracy and combat threats to national security.

Social Issues

Conservatives tend to hold traditional views on social issues such as marriage, family, and religion. They often oppose same-sex marriage, abortion, and other social changes that challenge traditional values. Neoconservatives, while sharing some of these traditional values, are more focused on foreign policy and national security issues. They may be less concerned with social issues that do not directly impact national security or American interests.

Foreign Policy

Conservatives generally advocate for a more cautious and restrained approach to foreign policy. They prioritize national sovereignty and non-interventionism, preferring to focus on domestic issues rather than international conflicts. Neoconservatives, on the other hand, are known for their interventionist foreign policy stance. They believe in using American power to promote democracy and combat threats to national security, even if it means military intervention in other countries.

Economic Policy

Conservatives typically support free market principles and limited government intervention in the economy. They believe in lower taxes, less regulation, and individual responsibility. Neoconservatives, while sharing some of these economic beliefs, may be more willing to use government power to achieve their economic goals. They may support policies such as tariffs or subsidies to protect American industries or promote economic growth.

Approach to Change

Conservatives generally prefer gradual and incremental change, prioritizing stability and continuity. They are wary of sudden upheavals or radical transformations that could disrupt social order. Neoconservatives, on the other hand, are more willing to embrace change, particularly in the realm of foreign policy. They are willing to use military force to promote democracy and American interests, even if it means destabilizing existing regimes.

Conclusion

While conservatism and neoconservatism share some similarities, such as a belief in traditional values and limited government intervention, they differ in their approach to foreign policy, social issues, and the role of government. Conservatives tend to prioritize stability and continuity, while neoconservatives are more willing to embrace change and use military force to achieve their goals. Understanding these differences is essential for navigating the complex landscape of political ideologies.