Classical Liberalism vs. Marxism-Leninism-Maoism

Attribute	Classical Liberalism	Marxism-Leninism-Maoism
Founder	John Locke, Adam Smith	Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, Mao Zedong
Economic System	Capitalism	Communism
Role of Government	Minimal government intervention	Strong centralized government control
Private Property	Emphasized	Abolished
Class Struggle	Not a central focus	Central to ideology

Origins and Ideology

Classical Liberalism emerged in the 17th and 18th centuries as a response to the absolute monarchy and mercantilism prevalent in Europe at the time. It is based on the principles of individual rights, limited government intervention in the economy, and the protection of private property. On the other hand, Marxism-Leninism-Maoism is a political ideology that combines the theories of Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, and Mao Zedong. It advocates for the overthrow of capitalism through a revolution led by the working class, the establishment of a socialist state, and the eventual transition to a classless, stateless society.

Role of the State

In Classical Liberalism, the role of the state is limited to protecting individual rights and maintaining law and order. Government intervention in the economy is seen as detrimental to individual freedom and economic prosperity. On the other hand, Marxism-Leninism-Maoism views the state as a tool for advancing the interests of the working class and achieving the transition to socialism. The state plays a central role in planning the economy, redistributing wealth, and promoting social equality.

Economic Systems

Classical Liberalism advocates for a free-market economy where individuals are free to engage in voluntary transactions without government interference. It believes that competition and private property rights lead to economic efficiency and innovation. In contrast, Marxism-Leninism-Maoism promotes a planned economy where the means of production are owned and controlled by the state. It aims to eliminate exploitation and inequality through collective ownership and central planning.

Individual Rights vs. Collective Rights

Classical Liberalism places a strong emphasis on individual rights, such as freedom of speech, religion, and property. It believes that individuals should be free to pursue their own interests without interference from the state. On the other hand, Marxism-Leninism-Maoism prioritizes collective rights over individual rights. It argues that the interests of the working class as a whole should take precedence over the rights of individuals, especially those who belong to the ruling class.

Approach to Social Change

Classical Liberalism advocates for gradual reform and incremental change through the democratic process. It believes that change should be driven by individual initiative and voluntary cooperation. In contrast, Marxism-Leninism-Maoism calls for revolutionary change through the overthrow of the capitalist system. It sees class struggle as the driving force behind social change and believes that the working class must seize power from the ruling class to achieve a socialist society.

International Relations

Classical Liberalism promotes free trade, diplomacy, and international cooperation as a means of fostering peace and prosperity among nations. It believes in the importance of individual sovereignty and non-intervention in the affairs of other countries. On the other hand, Marxism-Leninism-Maoism advocates for international solidarity among the working class and supports the spread of socialist revolutions worldwide. It sees imperialism and capitalism as the root causes of conflict and inequality on a global scale.