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Catarrhini vs. Platyrrhini

What's the Difference?

Catarrhini and Platyrrhini are two infraorders of primates that are distinguished by their nose shape. Catarrhini, which includes Old World monkeys and apes, have narrow noses with downward-facing nostrils, while Platyrrhini, which includes New World monkeys, have broad noses with outward-facing nostrils. Additionally, Catarrhini are typically found in Africa and Asia, while Platyrrhini are primarily found in Central and South America. Despite these differences, both infraorders share many similarities in terms of their social behavior, diet, and habitat preferences.

Comparison

AttributeCatarrhiniPlatyrrhini
NoseDownward-facing nostrilsSideways-facing nostrils
Dental formula2:1:2:32:1:3:3
Geographic distributionFound in Africa and AsiaFound in Central and South America
Number of premolars23

Further Detail

Introduction

When it comes to primates, there are two main infraorders that are commonly studied: Catarrhini and Platyrrhini. These two groups are distinguished by several key attributes, including their geographic distribution, dental formula, and nostril shape. In this article, we will explore the similarities and differences between Catarrhini and Platyrrhini in more detail.

Geographic Distribution

One of the primary differences between Catarrhini and Platyrrhini is their geographic distribution. Catarrhini, which includes Old World monkeys and apes, are found in Africa and Asia. On the other hand, Platyrrhini, which includes New World monkeys, are found in Central and South America. This difference in distribution is thought to be due to the separation of these two groups during the early evolution of primates.

Dental Formula

Another key difference between Catarrhini and Platyrrhini is their dental formula. Catarrhini typically have a dental formula of 2.1.2.3/2.1.2.3, meaning they have two incisors, one canine, two premolars, and three molars on each side of the upper and lower jaws. Platyrrhini, on the other hand, have a dental formula of 2.1.3.3/2.1.3.3, meaning they have an extra premolar compared to Catarrhini. This difference in dental formula is thought to be related to the types of food each group consumes in their respective habitats.

Nostril Shape

One of the most noticeable differences between Catarrhini and Platyrrhini is the shape of their nostrils. Catarrhini have narrow, downward-facing nostrils that are close together, while Platyrrhini have broad, outward-facing nostrils that are farther apart. This difference in nostril shape is thought to be related to the different environments in which these two groups live, with Catarrhini inhabiting forested areas and Platyrrhini living in more open habitats.

Brain Size

Brain size is another attribute that sets Catarrhini and Platyrrhini apart. Catarrhini, particularly apes such as chimpanzees and gorillas, have larger brains relative to their body size compared to Platyrrhini. This difference in brain size is thought to be related to the more complex social structures and behaviors exhibited by Catarrhini, such as tool use and cooperative hunting.

Social Structure

Speaking of social structures, Catarrhini and Platyrrhini also differ in this aspect. Catarrhini, especially apes, are known for their complex social hierarchies and strong family bonds. Platyrrhini, on the other hand, tend to have more flexible social structures and may live in smaller groups or even solitary. This difference in social structure is thought to be related to the different ecological pressures faced by these two groups in their respective habitats.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Catarrhini and Platyrrhini are two distinct groups of primates with several key differences in their attributes. From their geographic distribution and dental formula to their nostril shape and brain size, these two groups exhibit unique characteristics that have evolved in response to their respective environments and ecological pressures. By studying and comparing Catarrhini and Platyrrhini, researchers can gain valuable insights into the evolution and diversity of primates as a whole.

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