Benevolent Sexism vs. Malevolent Sexism

Attribute	Benevolent Sexism	Malevolent Sexism
Definition	Positive attitudes and behaviors towards women that are based on stereotypes of women as weak and in need of protection	Negative attitudes and behaviors towards women that are based on stereotypes of women as inferior and deserving of mistreatment
Intent	Intended to be protective and chivalrous towards women	Intended to maintain power and control over women
Examples	Opening doors for women, paying for dates, making decisions for women	Catcalling, sexual harassment, discrimination in the workplace
Impact	Can reinforce traditional gender roles and limit women's autonomy	Can lead to harm, discrimination, and violence against women

Definition

Benevolent sexism refers to attitudes and behaviors that appear positive or favorable towards women, but are actually rooted in traditional gender roles and stereotypes. This form of sexism often manifests as chivalry, protection, and idealization of women as pure and nurturing beings. On the other hand, malevolent sexism is characterized by hostile and overtly negative beliefs and actions towards women. This includes discrimination, harassment, and violence based on gender.

Attitudes Towards Women

In benevolent sexism, women are often put on a pedestal and seen as delicate creatures in need of protection and care. This can lead to the infantilization of women and the belief that they are not capable of handling certain tasks or responsibilities. On the other hand, malevolent sexism views women as inferior and unworthy of respect. Women are often objectified and dehumanized, leading to harmful attitudes and behaviors towards them.

Impact on Women

While benevolent sexism may seem harmless on the surface, it can have negative consequences for women. By idealizing women as pure and nurturing, it can limit their opportunities for growth and independence. Women may feel pressured to conform to traditional gender roles and expectations, which can be restrictive and disempowering. On the other hand, malevolent sexism directly harms women by perpetuating gender-based violence, discrimination, and inequality.

Relationship Dynamics

In benevolent sexism, men may believe that they are being kind and protective towards women by adhering to traditional gender roles. This can create a dynamic where women are expected to be grateful for men's actions, even if they are patronizing or limiting. On the other hand, malevolent sexism can lead to toxic and abusive relationships where women are treated as inferior and subservient to men.

Perpetuation of Gender Stereotypes

Benevolent sexism reinforces traditional gender roles and stereotypes by promoting the idea that women are inherently different from men and should be treated as such. This can limit women's opportunities for advancement in male-dominated fields and perpetuate the belief that women are not as capable as men. On the other hand, malevolent sexism reinforces harmful stereotypes about women being weak, emotional, and irrational, which can lead to discrimination and violence against them.

Intersectionality

Both benevolent and malevolent sexism can intersect with other forms of discrimination, such as racism, classism, and homophobia. Women who belong to marginalized groups may experience multiple forms of oppression that compound the effects of sexism. For example, women of color may face both benevolent and malevolent sexism, as well as racism, which can have devastating consequences for their well-being and opportunities for success.

Conclusion

While benevolent sexism may appear less harmful than malevolent sexism, both forms of sexism contribute to the oppression and marginalization of women. It is important to recognize and challenge all forms of sexism in order to create a more equitable and just society for all genders. By understanding the differences between benevolent and malevolent sexism, we can work towards dismantling harmful gender stereotypes and promoting equality for everyone.