Bakelite vs. PVC

Attribute	Bakelite	PVC
Composition	Phenol formaldehyde resin	Polyvinyl chloride
Appearance	Usually dark brown or black	Transparent or opaque, various colors
Usage	Electrical insulators, radio and telephone casings	Pipes, window frames, flooring, cables
Heat Resistance	Good	Good
Chemical Resistance	Resistant to many chemicals	Resistant to acids and alkalis
Flexibility	Rigid	Flexible
Cost	Relatively expensive	Relatively inexpensive

Introduction

Bakelite and PVC are two widely used materials in various industries due to their unique properties and versatility. While both materials have their own advantages and disadvantages, understanding their attributes can help in making informed decisions for specific applications. In this article, we will compare the attributes of Bakelite and PVC, exploring their physical, chemical, mechanical, and electrical properties.

Physical Properties

When it comes to physical properties, Bakelite and PVC exhibit distinct characteristics. Bakelite, also known as phenolic resin, is a thermosetting plastic that is formed by the condensation polymerization of phenol and formaldehyde. It is a hard, rigid material with a high density and excellent dimensional stability. On the other hand, PVC, or polyvinyl chloride, is a thermoplastic polymer that is produced through the polymerization of vinyl chloride monomers. PVC is a flexible material with a lower density compared to Bakelite.

Furthermore, Bakelite has a high melting point, typically around 300-350°C, which makes it suitable for applications requiring heat resistance. PVC, on the other hand, has a lower melting point, around 100-260°C, depending on the specific formulation. This lower melting point allows for easier processing and molding of PVC compared to Bakelite.

Chemical Properties

Chemical resistance is an important consideration for many applications. Bakelite exhibits excellent resistance to a wide range of chemicals, including acids, alkalis, oils, and solvents. This makes it a preferred choice for applications where exposure to harsh chemicals is expected. PVC, on the other hand, has good resistance to acids and alkalis but may be susceptible to certain organic solvents and oils. It is important to consider the specific chemical environment when selecting between Bakelite and PVC.

Mechanical Properties

When it comes to mechanical properties, both Bakelite and PVC have their own strengths. Bakelite is known for its high strength and rigidity, making it suitable for applications that require structural integrity and load-bearing capabilities. It has excellent dimensional stability, meaning it retains its shape and size even under varying temperature and humidity conditions. PVC, on the other hand, is a more flexible material with good impact resistance. It can withstand bending and deformation without breaking, making it suitable for applications that require flexibility and durability.

Another important mechanical property to consider is hardness. Bakelite is a relatively hard material, scoring high on the Rockwell hardness scale. PVC, on the other hand, is a softer material, which can be advantageous in certain applications where flexibility and ease of processing are desired.

Electrical Properties

Electrical properties play a crucial role in many applications, especially in the electrical and electronics industry. Bakelite is an excellent electrical insulator, with high dielectric strength and low electrical conductivity. It can withstand high voltages without conducting electricity, making it suitable for applications such as electrical switches, connectors, and insulators. PVC, on the other hand, has moderate electrical insulating properties. While it may not have the same level of insulation as Bakelite, PVC is still widely used in electrical wiring and cable insulation due to its cost-effectiveness and ease of processing.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Bakelite and PVC are two distinct materials with their own unique attributes. Bakelite offers high strength, rigidity, and excellent chemical and electrical resistance, making it suitable for applications requiring heat resistance and dimensional stability. PVC, on the other hand, provides flexibility, good impact resistance, and moderate electrical insulation properties, making it a versatile material for various applications.

When selecting between Bakelite and PVC, it is important to consider the specific requirements of the application, including physical, chemical, mechanical, and electrical properties. Both materials have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice ultimately depends on the specific needs and constraints of the project. By understanding the attributes of Bakelite and PVC, one can make informed decisions and choose the most suitable material for their application.