Alfalfa vs. Clover

Attribute	Alfalfa	Clover
Scientific Name	Medicago sativa	Trifolium
Family	Leguminosae	Leguminosae
Uses	Forage, cover crop, green manure	Forage, cover crop, nitrogen fixation
Growth Habit	Perennial	Perennial
Height	Up to 3 feet	Up to 1 foot

Introduction

Alfalfa and clover are both popular legumes that are commonly grown as forage crops for livestock. They are known for their high nutritional value and ability to fix nitrogen in the soil. While they share some similarities, there are also key differences between the two plants that make them unique in their own right.

Growth Habits

Alfalfa is a perennial plant that can live for several years, with deep taproots that can reach up to 15 feet in the ground. It has a bushy growth habit and can grow up to 3 feet tall. Clover, on the other hand, can be either perennial or annual, depending on the species. It has a more compact growth habit, with smaller leaves and stems compared to alfalfa.

Nutritional Value

Both alfalfa and clover are known for their high protein content, making them valuable forage crops for livestock. Alfalfa typically has a higher protein content than clover, with levels ranging from 15-22%. It also contains high levels of calcium, making it beneficial for dairy cows. Clover, on the other hand, has a protein content of around 12-18%, which is still considered high for a forage crop.

Adaptability

Alfalfa is known for its deep root system, which allows it to tolerate drought conditions better than clover. It is also more tolerant of alkaline soils and can thrive in a wide range of soil types. Clover, on the other hand, prefers well-drained soils and does not do well in heavy clay or waterlogged conditions. It is more suited to cooler climates and may struggle in hot, dry environments.

Yield

Alfalfa is known for its high yield potential, with some varieties producing up to 5 tons of dry matter per acre. It is also a fast-growing crop, with multiple cuttings possible in a single growing season. Clover, on the other hand, has a lower yield potential compared to alfalfa, with most varieties producing around 2-3 tons of dry matter per acre. However, clover is known for its ability to fix nitrogen in the soil, which can benefit other crops in a rotation system.

Pest and Disease Resistance

Alfalfa is susceptible to a number of pests and diseases, including alfalfa weevils, aphids, and root rot. However, there are resistant varieties available that can help mitigate these issues. Clover, on the other hand, is less prone to pest and disease problems, making it a low-maintenance option for farmers. It is also known for its ability to attract beneficial insects, such as bees and butterflies.

Uses

Both alfalfa and clover have a wide range of uses beyond livestock forage. Alfalfa is commonly used as a cover crop to improve soil health and fertility. It is also used in hay production, as well as for grazing and silage. Clover, on the other hand, is often used in pasture mixes to improve forage quality and diversity. It is also used as a green manure crop to add nitrogen to the soil.

Conclusion

While alfalfa and clover share some similarities in terms of their high nutritional value and ability to fix nitrogen in the soil, they also have distinct differences in terms of growth habits, adaptability, yield potential, and pest resistance. Farmers should consider these factors when choosing between the two crops for their specific needs and growing conditions.