Absolute Social Mobility vs. Relative Social Mobility

Attribute	Absolute Social Mobility	Relative Social Mobility
Definition	The ability of an individual to move up or down the social ladder regardless of the social status of their parents	The ability of an individual to move up or down the social ladder in comparison to others in their society
Measurement	Usually measured by comparing an individual's social status to that of their parents	Usually measured by comparing an individual's social status to that of others in their society
Factors	Education, skills, hard work, opportunities	Income inequality, social class, access to resources
Impact	Can lead to greater social mobility and a more equal society	Can perpetuate social inequality and lead to stratification

Definition

Absolute social mobility refers to the movement of individuals or groups from one social class to another, regardless of the overall distribution of wealth or status in society. This type of mobility is based on an individual's own achievements and efforts, rather than the comparison to others. On the other hand, relative social mobility is the movement of individuals or groups in relation to others within the same society. It is often measured by comparing an individual's social status to that of their parents or peers.

Measurement

Absolute social mobility is typically measured by looking at changes in an individual's income, education level, or occupation over time. For example, if a person from a lower-income family becomes a doctor or lawyer, they have experienced absolute social mobility. In contrast, relative social mobility is often measured by comparing an individual's social status to that of their parents or peers. This can be done by looking at factors such as income, education level, or occupation.

Factors Influencing Mobility

There are several factors that can influence absolute social mobility, including education, skills, and opportunities for advancement. Individuals who have access to quality education and training are more likely to experience upward mobility. In contrast, relative social mobility is influenced by factors such as family background, social networks, and economic conditions. Individuals who come from privileged backgrounds or have connections to influential people may have an advantage in terms of social mobility.

Impact on Society

Absolute social mobility is often seen as a positive force in society, as it allows individuals to improve their own circumstances through hard work and determination. This type of mobility can lead to a more dynamic and meritocratic society, where individuals are rewarded based on their abilities and achievements. On the other hand, relative social mobility can have a more divisive impact on society, as it can perpetuate inequalities and create barriers to advancement for those from disadvantaged backgrounds.

Policy Implications

When it comes to policy implications, absolute social mobility is often supported through initiatives that promote equal access to education, training, and employment opportunities. Governments may invest in programs that help individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds improve their skills and qualifications, in order to increase their chances of upward mobility. In contrast, policies aimed at addressing relative social mobility may focus on reducing income inequality, providing social support to vulnerable populations, and creating a more level playing field for all individuals.

Conclusion

In conclusion, absolute social mobility and relative social mobility are two distinct concepts that have different implications for individuals and society as a whole. While absolute social mobility is based on an individual's own achievements and efforts, relative social mobility is influenced by factors such as family background and social networks. Understanding the differences between these two types of mobility is crucial for policymakers and researchers seeking to address issues of inequality and social mobility in society.