Absolute Monarchy vs. Constitutional Monarchy

Attribute	Absolute Monarchy	Constitutional Monarchy
Definition	A system of government where the monarch has absolute power and authority	A system of government where the monarch's powers are limited by a constitution
Monarch's Power	Unlimited power	Limited power
Role of Parliament	May or may not exist, but if it does, it has limited power	Exists and has significant power in making laws and decisions
Succession	Usually hereditary	Usually hereditary, but may also be based on other factors such as election or appointment
Citizens' Rights	May be limited or non-existent	Protected by the constitution

Introduction

Monarchy is a form of government where a single ruler, known as a monarch, holds all the power and authority. There are different types of monarchies, with two of the most common being Absolute Monarchy and Constitutional Monarchy. In this article, we will compare the attributes of these two forms of monarchy to understand their differences and similarities.

Definition

An Absolute Monarchy is a system of government where the monarch has absolute power and authority over the state and its people. The monarch's decisions are not subject to any form of checks and balances, and they have the final say in all matters of governance. In contrast, a Constitutional Monarchy is a system where the monarch's powers are limited by a constitution or a set of laws. The monarch acts as a ceremonial figurehead, while the real power lies with an elected parliament or government.

Role of the Monarch

In an Absolute Monarchy, the monarch plays a central role in governing the country. They have the authority to make laws, levy taxes, declare war, and appoint government officials. The monarch's word is law, and their decisions are binding on all citizens. On the other hand, in a Constitutional Monarchy, the monarch's role is largely ceremonial. They may perform symbolic duties, such as opening parliament or representing the country at official events, but they do not have the power to make decisions on their own.

Checks and Balances

One of the key differences between Absolute Monarchy and Constitutional Monarchy is the presence of checks and balances. In an Absolute Monarchy, there are no checks on the monarch's power. They have the authority to rule as they see fit, without any limitations. This can lead to abuses of power and tyranny. In contrast, in a Constitutional Monarchy, the monarch's powers are limited by a constitution or a set of laws. The government, parliament, or judiciary can act as a check on the monarch's authority, ensuring that they do not overstep their bounds.

Stability and Continuity

Another difference between Absolute Monarchy and Constitutional Monarchy is the stability and continuity of the government. In an Absolute Monarchy, the government's stability depends on the monarch's ability to rule effectively. If the monarch is weak or incompetent, it can lead to instability and unrest. On the other hand, in a Constitutional Monarchy, the government's stability is ensured by the constitution and the rule of law. Even if the monarch is unpopular or ineffective, the government can continue to function smoothly under the guidance of elected officials.

Citizen Rights and Freedoms

One of the criticisms of Absolute Monarchy is that it can lead to the suppression of citizen rights and freedoms. Since the monarch has absolute power, they can restrict freedom of speech, assembly, and religion without any consequences. Citizens may not have the ability to hold the monarch accountable for their actions. In contrast, Constitutional Monarchy provides greater protection for citizen rights and freedoms. The constitution guarantees certain rights, such as freedom of speech and the right to a fair trial, which cannot be violated by the monarch or the government.

Evolution of Monarchy

Over time, many countries have transitioned from Absolute Monarchy to Constitutional Monarchy. This evolution has been driven by the desire for greater democracy, accountability, and transparency in government. Constitutional Monarchies are seen as more modern and progressive forms of government, where power is shared among different branches of government. Absolute Monarchies, on the other hand, are often associated with autocracy and authoritarianism, which are viewed as outdated and oppressive.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Absolute Monarchy and Constitutional Monarchy are two distinct forms of government with their own set of attributes and characteristics. While Absolute Monarchy gives the monarch absolute power and authority, Constitutional Monarchy limits the monarch's powers through a constitution or a set of laws. The presence of checks and balances, stability, citizen rights, and the evolution of monarchy are all factors that differentiate these two forms of government. Ultimately, the choice between Absolute Monarchy and Constitutional Monarchy depends on the values and priorities of the society in question.