ABS vs. PLA

Attribute	ABS	PLA
Material Type	Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene	Polylactic Acid
Strength	High	Medium
Flexibility	Low	High
Biodegradability	Non-biodegradable	Biodegradable
Melting Point	230-240°C	160-180°C
Printing Temperature	220-250°C	180-220°C
Odor	Strong	Mild
Warpage	High	Low
Surface Finish	Rough	Smooth

Introduction

When it comes to 3D printing, two of the most commonly used materials are ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) and PLA (Polylactic Acid). Both ABS and PLA have their own unique properties and characteristics that make them suitable for different applications. In this article, we will explore and compare the attributes of ABS and PLA, helping you understand which material might be the best fit for your 3D printing needs.

1. Material Composition

ABS is a petroleum-based thermoplastic polymer, composed of three monomers: acrylonitrile, butadiene, and styrene. It is known for its strength, durability, and impact resistance. On the other hand, PLA is a biodegradable thermoplastic polymer derived from renewable resources such as cornstarch or sugarcane. PLA is often considered more environmentally friendly due to its biodegradability and lower carbon footprint.

2. Printability

ABS and PLA have different printing characteristics. ABS has a higher melting point, typically around 220-250°C, which makes it more suitable for printing objects that require higher temperature resistance. PLA, on the other hand, has a lower melting point, usually around 180-220°C, making it easier to print with and less prone to warping. PLA also has a lower printing odor compared to ABS, which can emit a noticeable smell during the printing process.

3. Strength and Durability

When it comes to strength and durability, ABS generally outperforms PLA. ABS is known for its excellent impact resistance and toughness, making it a preferred choice for functional parts and prototypes that require high strength. PLA, although not as strong as ABS, still offers decent strength and is suitable for a wide range of applications, especially those that do not require excessive stress or impact resistance.

4. Surface Finish

ABS and PLA also differ in terms of surface finish. ABS has a smoother and shinier appearance, which can give printed objects a more polished and professional look. However, ABS is more prone to warping and may require a heated bed or enclosure to minimize this issue. PLA, on the other hand, has a more matte and textured surface finish. While it may not have the same level of shine as ABS, PLA is generally easier to print with and less likely to warp, resulting in a smoother printing experience for beginners.

5. Post-Processing and Finishing

Both ABS and PLA can be post-processed and finished to enhance their appearance or functionality. ABS can be easily sanded, glued, and painted, allowing for more extensive post-processing options. It is also more resistant to chemicals, making it suitable for applications that require exposure to solvents or harsh environments. PLA, on the other hand, is more challenging to sand due to its brittle nature. However, PLA can be easily painted, and its biodegradability makes it a popular choice for environmentally conscious users.

6. Environmental Impact

As mentioned earlier, PLA is considered more environmentally friendly compared to ABS. PLA is derived from renewable resources and is biodegradable, meaning it can break down naturally over time. This makes PLA a suitable choice for applications where sustainability is a priority. ABS, being petroleum-based, is not biodegradable and has a higher carbon footprint. However, it is worth noting that both ABS and PLA can be recycled, reducing their environmental impact.

7. Applications

ABS and PLA have different applications based on their unique properties. ABS is commonly used for functional parts, such as automotive components, enclosures, and mechanical prototypes, where strength and impact resistance are crucial. Its ability to withstand higher temperatures also makes it suitable for objects exposed to heat, such as kitchenware or electronic housings. PLA, on the other hand, is often used for artistic and decorative prints, educational models, and low-stress applications. Its ease of use, biodegradability, and vibrant color options make it popular among hobbyists and beginners.

Conclusion

In conclusion, ABS and PLA are two widely used materials in the world of 3D printing, each with its own set of attributes and advantages. ABS offers superior strength, durability, and temperature resistance, making it suitable for functional parts and prototypes. PLA, on the other hand, is more beginner-friendly, environmentally friendly, and offers a smoother printing experience. Ultimately, the choice between ABS and PLA depends on the specific requirements of your 3D printing project, considering factors such as strength, surface finish, printability, and environmental impact.