.38 ACP vs. .380 ACP

Attribute	.38 ACP	.380 ACP
Caliber	.38	.380
Case length	21.59mm	17.27mm
Bullet diameter	.355 in	.355 in
Overall length	32.76mm	25.4mm
Pressure	26,500 psi	21,500 psi

History

The .38 ACP (Automatic Colt Pistol) was introduced by Colt in 1900 for their new Colt Model 1900 semi-automatic pistol. It was designed by John Browning and was the first cartridge to use a small-caliber bullet in a high-velocity cartridge. The .380 ACP, also known as the 9mm Short, was introduced in 1908 by Colt for their Model 1908 Pocket Hammerless pistol. It was designed by John Browning as well and was intended for use in small, concealed carry pistols.

Size and Ballistics

The .38 ACP has a bullet diameter of .355 inches and a case length of .900 inches. It typically fires a 130-grain bullet at a velocity of around 1,200 feet per second. The .380 ACP has a bullet diameter of .355 inches as well, but a shorter case length of .680 inches. It usually fires a 95-grain bullet at a velocity of around 1,000 feet per second. The .38 ACP has a slight edge in terms of bullet weight and velocity, which can result in better terminal ballistics.

Recoil and Shootability

Due to its higher velocity and bullet weight, the .38 ACP tends to have more recoil than the .380 ACP. This can make it more challenging to shoot accurately, especially for shooters with less experience or weaker hand strength. The .380 ACP, on the other hand, has less recoil and is generally considered more manageable for shooters of all skill levels. This can make it a better choice for those who prioritize shootability and ease of use.

Ammunition Availability

While both the .38 ACP and .380 ACP are relatively popular cartridges, the .380 ACP is more widely available in terms of ammunition selection. This is due to the popularity of the .380 ACP for concealed carry pistols and its use in many modern firearms. The .38 ACP, on the other hand, is less common and may be harder to find in stores. This can be a consideration for shooters who want easy access to a variety of ammunition options.

Firearm Compatibility

The .38 ACP is primarily used in older Colt pistols such as the Model 1900 and Model 1902. These firearms are collectible and may be harder to find than modern .380 ACP pistols. The .380 ACP, on the other hand, is used in a wide range of modern firearms from various manufacturers. This makes it easier to find a suitable firearm chambered in .380 ACP for those looking to purchase a new handgun.

Stopping Power

When it comes to stopping power, the .38 ACP has a slight advantage over the .380 ACP due to its higher velocity and bullet weight. The .38 ACP is known for its ability to penetrate deeply and create larger wound channels, which can be more effective in stopping a threat. The .380 ACP, while still capable of stopping an attacker, may not have the same level of terminal performance as the .38 ACP. This can be a consideration for those who prioritize stopping power in a self-defense cartridge.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the .38 ACP and .380 ACP are both popular cartridges with their own unique attributes. The .38 ACP offers higher velocity and bullet weight, which can result in better terminal ballistics and stopping power. However, it also has more recoil and may be harder to find in stores. The .380 ACP, on the other hand, has less recoil, is more widely available, and is compatible with a wider range of firearms. Ultimately, the choice between the two cartridges will depend on the shooter's priorities and preferences.